Another way of putting it: Just like H2O (outside runaway), the C gain by the atmosphere from C loss from permafrost «penultimately»
reaches an equilibrium value that varies as a continuous function of the imposed forcing, rather than having a discontinuous jump.
On the left, half of all farms adopt the practice over 5 years, and it takes 5 years for carbon to
reach its equilibrium value.
If it's going into ocean heating (ocean heat content), that is enough mass that it might take a while to actually
reach an equilibrium value.
Not exact matches
But I'm of the school that says, if that is proven — and it is, I think, a little bit in the marketplace — if it is proven to be the case, then people will bid up the prices of
value stocks and bid down the prices of growth stocks until they
reach an
equilibrium and then future returns will be the same.
The problems with associating sensitivity with a temperature in 2100 are twofold: first, at the time we
reach CO2 doubling, the temperature will lag behind the
equilibrium value due to thermal inertia, especially in the ocean (thought experiment — doubling CO2 today will not cause an instant 3C jump in temperatures, any more than turning your oven on heats it instantly to 450F), and secondly, the CO2 level we are at in 2100 depends on what we do between now and then anyway, and it may more than double, or not.
The first rate seems to be far slower because there are no winds in the stratosphere so that
equilibrium can only be
reached by diffusion of heat which is really slow; on the other hand we are pumpimg around 1.5 ppm of CO2 into the troposphere every year, over a base
value of around 380 ppm.
At the same temperature, at pH -
values between 7 and 9, CO2
reaches 99 % chemical
equilibrium with water and calcium carbonate in about 100 seconds (Dreybrodt et al., 1996).
Until an
equilibrium temperature is
reached, present day observations will not tell us the exact
value of the climate's sensitivity to CO2....»
Well, about 850 years for Max's calculation, except the
equilibrium value is a theoretical abstraction and can never be
reached.
OHC is a direct factor in the time taken to
reach equilibrium, and surface temperatures are the governing
value for the effects of
reaching equilibrium.
This can lead to nearly 7 C warming after
equilibrium is
reached with the central IPCC sensitivity
value.
But then I read IPCC FAR WG1 s. 1.2.1, which includes this stunning nugget: [quote -RCB- The concentration [of CO2 following a pulse] will actually never return to its original
value, but
reach a new
equilibrium level, about 15 percent of the total amount of CO2 emitted will remain in the atmosphere.