Sentences with phrase «reach the surface due»

Scientists have calculated that that heat takes around a million years to reach the surface due to the sun's great size and density.

Not exact matches

During this event, the aerosols stayed close to the surface due to the presence of a anticyclone hovering over the study region at sea - level, «reducing the amount of shortwave irradiance reaching the surface and causing greater radiative cooling,» states Obregón, who likens the effects of desert dust with those resulting from certain forest fires or episodes of high pollution.

Only 250 million years after life reached the earth's surface emerged, the first warm - blooded animals appeared, as for example the dinosaurs of the Jurassic period, that disappeared 66 million years ago due to a supposed asteroid impact on Earth.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

An increasing aerosol load due to human activities decreases regional air quality and the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface.

Surface ice storms are also now a constant threat due to the chemical ice nucleating elements reaching the surface before solidSurface ice storms are also now a constant threat due to the chemical ice nucleating elements reaching the surface before solidsurface before solidifying.

The wind patterns may have changed due to a combination of the current Pacific Decadal Oscillation which has now started changing, and the ozone hole allowing more sunlight to reach the surface rather than being absorbed in the stratosphere; the extra energy from this may have accelerated the winds.

«Climate science» as it is used by warmists implies adherence to a set of beliefs: (1) Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations will warm the Earth's surface and atmosphere; (2) Human production of CO2 is producing significant increases in CO2 concentration; (3) The rate of rise of temperature in the 20th and 21st centuries is unprecedented compared to the rates of change of temperature in the previous two millennia and this can only be due to rising greenhouse gas concentrations; (4) The climate of the 19th century was ideal and may be taken as a standard to compare against any current climate; (5) global climate models, while still not perfect, are good enough to indicate that continued use of fossil fuels at projected rates in the 21st century will cause the CO2 concentration to rise to a high level by 2100 (possibly 700 to 900 ppm); (6) The global average temperature under this condition will rise more than 3 °C from the late 19th century ideal; (7) The negative impact on humanity of such a rise will be enormous; (8) The only alternative to such a disaster is to immediately and sharply reduce CO2 emissions (reducing emissions in 2050 by 80 % compared to today's rate) and continue further reductions after 2050; (9) Even with such draconian CO2 reductions, the CO2 concentration is likely to reach at least 450 to 500 ppm by 2100 resulting in significant damage to humanity; (10) Such reductions in CO2 emissions are technically feasible and economically affordable while providing adequate energy to a growing world population that is increasingly industrializing.

Variations of ± 4 % in the distance due to the elliptical orbit of the Earth The solar constant does not entirely reach the Earth's surface due to: Reflection of radiation Latitude, angle of incident Average between day & night.

Re my above comment (# 23)-- I should have stated that volcanic forcing predominantly warms the stratosphere, and has little effect — mainly a slight cooling — on the troposphere due to its ability to reduce the intensity of solar radiation reaching the troposphere and the surface.

I have claimed that, despite the 120 meter extinction, the layers above the 120 meter distance also contribute to the downwelling radiation that ultimately reaches the Surface such that, if about 1/2 are due to the first - generation photons being absorbed and re-emitted, then about 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and so on are due to higher - generation photons due to emission and absorption, and re-emisson, and so on and on.

Ira Glickstein, PhD says: May 22, 2011 at 6:41 pm I have claimed that, despite the above fact, the layers above the 120 meter distance also contribute to the downwelling radiation that ultimately reaches the Surface such that, if about 1/2 are due to the first

Incidently, this will also increase the cost of global warming — as the surface layer will have a reduced capacity for absorbing oxygen due to its increased temperature, and less of this oxygen which is absorbed into the upper layers will reach lower ocean layers due to reduced mixing.

Latent transport due to moist convection removes heat insensibly from the surface and releases it at whatever level in the atmosphere adiabatic cooling causes the vapor to reach the dewpoint.

The main concern and rightly so, is a decrease in global precipitation due to less evaporation due to less sunlight reaching the surface.

According to Abdul Wadud of the Ranchi - based Birsa Agriculture University, UV rays are of three types — A, B and C. UV - C gets filtered due to the ozone layer, while A and B reach the earth's surface.