Sentences with phrase «reach the surface only»

They lie in the earth's mantle and reach the surface only when carried up via a volcanic pipe.

Not exact matches

Seeds only have so much energy stored before they need to generate more from light, so plant them too deep and they will run out of energy before they reach the surface.

You should always wait until your child is around 8 months old and even then only jog on flat smooth surfaces until your baby reaches 12 months.

The only slight issue I had is that my table is round, so putting the rectangle - shaped mats on there for my boys so that all four corners were on surface made it a bit far away for their reach.

Under such feeble sunlight its surface only reaches a high of -180 °C.

Their research remedies a problem that has plagued scientists for decades: ocean - observing satellites are incredibly powerful tools, but they can only «see» the surface layer of the ocean, leaving most of its depths out of reach.

In an interview with National Geographic in October 2017, Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said he only expects a few small pieces of the Chinese station to reach the surface.

«It isn't clear yet whether the earthquakes and deflation at Axial are related to a full - blown eruption, or if it is only a large intrusion of magma that hasn't quite reached the surface,» said Chadwick, who works out of OSU's Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport and also is affiliated with NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory.

Even though electrons entered only at the 1D atomic edge of the graphene sheet, the contact resistance was remarkably low, reaching 100 ohms per micron of contact width — a value smaller than what is typically achieved for contacts at the graphene top surface.

Researchers generally think that the zonal winds arise from convection, the tendency of hotter gases to rise and cooler gases to fall, he says, although they don't agree whether the convection that produces the stripes reaches to the planet's core or takes places only near the surface.

Plans to put a lander on the surface to drill through the ice in hopes of reaching the ocean had to be abandoned because of cost and technical uncertainty, leaving only an orbiter.

«However, only a small part of this iron reaches the surface layers and the open ocean where biological productivity is limited by iron,» Florian Scholz explains.

Since the spheres form underground as groundwater rises through the soil, the find suggests the water rose only so far and then stopped — without reaching the surface.

Leblanc et al. (2003), through simulations of SEP trajectories inside Mercury's magnetosphere, showed that significant SEP fluxes can reach Mercury's surface not only into the cusps footprint, as in the case of solar wind, but also at the planet's equator, elongated toward dawn.

In fact, it is only during these periods of low solar activity that very long radio waves from space can pass through the atmosphere to reach Earth's surface.

The convection zone reaches up to the sun's surface, and makes up 66 percent of the sun's volume but only a little more than 2 percent of its mass.

Only 250 million years after life reached the earth's surface emerged, the first warm - blooded animals appeared, as for example the dinosaurs of the Jurassic period, that disappeared 66 million years ago due to a supposed asteroid impact on Earth.

Available in Touring Elite models only, the HondaVAC system — developed in partnership with Shop - Vac — includes the canister and built - in hoses capable of reaching every surface in the vehicle.

To my mind, the railing of our little vessel was already perilously close to the surface of the water, and I could only believe that to stop for anything at all would decrease our chances of reaching that critical...

Positioned just out of reach of your hand when holding the device in a conventional landscape or portrait manner, the speaker's location only becomes an issue for disrupted and muffled playback when placed down on its rear on a flat or soft surface.

The infection might exist only on the skin surface or in more chronic cases, infection can result in dog skin sores that reach into the fatty tissue just below the skin.

[2] This is because a toothbrush can not reach between the teeth and therefore only cleans 50 % of the surfaces.

Shark Point One is placed at the most northern point of these pinnacles and is the only one which reaches above the surface where it is topped by a warning beacon for ships.

Not only can you not select a night time race, but starting a 100 % race distance during sunset as I did at Spa to test the feature will never result in reaching night time conditions; despite even being set to a 5x speed for the time of day with a noticeable lack of any change in the positioning of the sun and no movement in the positioning of shadows on the track surface which is evident given the amount of trees situated trackside.

This movement toward a more overall organization of the picture plane reaches a crescendo of sorts in Central Park Trees (oil on canvas, 2015), in which the sky appears only as flashes of light through the trees while the entire surface is otherwise occupied by a lush green glade.

I think the essential point here is that the models, with some exceptions, only use direct insolation (the amount of heat from the sun reaching the surface) for the sun's influence, the same way that other influences like from GHGs are covered.

This increased solar activity and radiation reaching the earth's surface has been the cause of the increase of Ocean Heat Content, because solar radiation is the only physical mechanism that adds heat to the ocean.

Natural variability might modulate the flow of energy between parts of the system, such as from ocean to atmosphere, but the «pace of climate warming», as in the general gain in energy (or loss of energy) of the entire climate system, can only be dictated by some external forcing, such as somthing that changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, volcanoes, or changes in GH gas concentrations.

`... but the «pace of climate warming», as in the general gain in energy (or loss of energy) of the entire climate system, can only be dictated by some external forcing, such as somthing that changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, volcanoes, or changes in GH gas concentrations...»

Some heat comes from within Earth, but only small amount reaches Earth's surface.

«That only shortwave mainly visible light from the Sun reaches the surface of Earth where it is absorbed and converts land and ocean to heat».

Not only can you not see how absurd that claim, you also believe, because you've been told, that the Sun's heat, thermal infrared, doesn't reach the surface!

As Erl has likely retired for the night: 40 % of incident TSI is IR, only 1 % of this reaching the surface (only 40 % of TSI reaches the surface) and half the atmosphere lies below 25,000 feet it could not be more evident that the troposphere is heated roughly equally from above and from below.

Manacker, this argument «observed recent decade of slight cooling [of surface temps] despite unabated human CO2 emissions and concentrations reaching record levels» would be relevant if it was posited that CO2 is the only influence on climate.

For example, if ice sheet mass loss becomes rapid, it is conceivable that the cold fresh water added to the ocean could cause regional surface cooling [199], perhaps even at a point when sea level rise has only reached a level of the order of a meter [200].

«Climate science» as it is used by warmists implies adherence to a set of beliefs: (1) Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations will warm the Earth's surface and atmosphere; (2) Human production of CO2 is producing significant increases in CO2 concentration; (3) The rate of rise of temperature in the 20th and 21st centuries is unprecedented compared to the rates of change of temperature in the previous two millennia and this can only be due to rising greenhouse gas concentrations; (4) The climate of the 19th century was ideal and may be taken as a standard to compare against any current climate; (5) global climate models, while still not perfect, are good enough to indicate that continued use of fossil fuels at projected rates in the 21st century will cause the CO2 concentration to rise to a high level by 2100 (possibly 700 to 900 ppm); (6) The global average temperature under this condition will rise more than 3 °C from the late 19th century ideal; (7) The negative impact on humanity of such a rise will be enormous; (8) The only alternative to such a disaster is to immediately and sharply reduce CO2 emissions (reducing emissions in 2050 by 80 % compared to today's rate) and continue further reductions after 2050; (9) Even with such draconian CO2 reductions, the CO2 concentration is likely to reach at least 450 to 500 ppm by 2100 resulting in significant damage to humanity; (10) Such reductions in CO2 emissions are technically feasible and economically affordable while providing adequate energy to a growing world population that is increasingly industrializing.

It is not «conduction» but exchange of radiation; if you keep your hands parallel at a distance of some cm the right hand does not (radiatively) «warm» the left hand or vice versa albeit at 33 °C skin temperature they exchange some hundreds of W / m ² (about 500 W / m ²) The solar radiation reaching the surface (for 71 % of the surface, the oceans) is lost by evaporation (or evapotranspiration of the vegetation), plus some convection (20 W / ²) and some radiation reaching the cosmos directly through the window 8µm to 12 µm (about 20 W / m ² «global» average); only the radiative heat flow surface to air (absorbed by the air) is negligible (plus or minus); the non radiative (latent heat, sensible heat) are transferred for surface to air and compensate for a part of the heat lost to the cosmos by the upper layer of the water vapour displayed on figure 6 - C.

The system reaches equilibrium when the shell emits 256 W / m2 to space, and then it also emits 256 to the surface, 512 in total, which must all come from the surface, the only source.

The only theory I could find involving volcanoes was from Adams, Mann and Ammann which has the volcano affecting the solar radiation reaching the surface, not the heat of the eruption.

No emission / absorption lines in co2 reach space from the surface or even within the troposphere, only at or very near and above the tropopause.

The solar radiation reaching Earth's surface (163W / m ^ 2) could only support a surface temperature of about -40 °C.

Radiation between the surface and the atmosphere can only cool the surface and it can never help the Sun to reach a higher daily maximum temperature — nowhere on no planet.

-LSB-...] NREL reached out to us recently to let us know that our Total Surface Area Required to Fuel the World with Solar not only shows that we can generate 2030 energy levels with solar alone, but actually we -LSB-...]

Willis says Your insistence that only 2 w / m2 of solar radiation was reaching the surface of Venus despite actual measurements showing 50 times that much from the Russian spacecraft removes you from the possibility of open honest debate.

DeMaria and Kaplan (1994) show that only 20 % of the cyclones of the North Atlantic reach 80 % or more theirs potential maximum intensity, case in which the intensity reached by a cyclone is in balance with the temperature of surface of the ocean in the absence of dynamic stresses in the atmosphere.

The only way CO2 could absorb any more IR than it is already absorbing is if 1) the surface started re-emitting more IR, which could only happen if more sunlight reached the surface, or 2) atmospheric water vapor levels dropped, freeing up more IR to be absorbed by CO2, in which case, warming would not occur, because that radiation was already being absorbed by the water vapor that disappeared.

A UK study found that if only 1 % of estrogens excreted by livestock reached surface waters untreated, that would account to 15 % of the estrogenic activity ov those waters.

Since 76 % of this radiation is reflected by clouds, and most of the rest of the radiation is absorbed by these clouds at the top of Venus» atmosphere, only a tiny 2.5 % of the solar radiation ever reaches Venus» surface.

This creates an effective barrier preventing bottom warmed water from reaching the surface (unless you believe in back - conduction of course; — RRB - Cooling of the deep oceans is only possible at high latitudes.

It reaches its surface temperature of 740 K by using only trace amounts of carbon monoxide (a strongly absorbing greenhouse despite being diatomic, but at different wavelengths from CO2) and sulfur dioxide.