Elaborating on the 1842 suggestion of the French mathematician Joseph A. Adhémar, Milutin Milankovitch proposed during World War I that the sunlight
reaching the higher latitudes controlled the ice ages (he did his laborious calculations as a prisoner of war), and that slow changes in the earth's orbit were important.
In this pattern, warm waters flow northward from the tropics, then cool and become saltier and denser as
they reach higher latitudes.
Warm and saline water transported poleward cools at the surface when
it reaches high latitudes and becomes denser and subsequently sinks into the deep ocean.
Not exact matches
The water concentration
reaches a maximum average of around 500 to 750 parts per million in the
higher latitudes.
While microbe and vector movement can be difficult to detect, modeling suggests that global warming will expand the
reach of malaria to
higher latitudes and into tropical mountain regions.
«At the
higher latitudes of Great Britain, Scandinavia and the Baltic States, as well as Northern Germany and France, very little UVB light
reaches the Earth, and it's the key wavelength required by the skin for vitamin D generation,» Elias said.
«They
reached their peak intensity at
higher latitudes, following an expansion of tropical conditions with warming.
The warming at sea level is expected to
reach 3 degrees Celsius by the year 2100, and possibly double that, or 6 degrees Celsius, at the
highest mountain peaks in the low
latitudes.
Professor Chronis Tzedakis (UCL Geography) said: «The basic idea is that there is a threshold for the amount of energy
reaching high northern
latitudes in summer.
As the warm water
reaches high North Atlantic
latitudes, it gives up heat and moisture to the atmosphere, leaving cold, salty, dense water that sinks to the ocean floor.
«The basic idea is that there is a threshold for the amount of energy
reaching high northern
latitudes in summer.
However others that have already retreated to the
highest latitudes and / or altitudes they can
reach to escape the heat will find themselves in a corner with no further place to go.
Once it
reaches the horse
latitudes, the now dry air descends and heats, creating the large
high pressure cells that make up the STR.
Furthermore, it can be seen that due to the lower incidence angle of the solar radiation at lower
latitudes, TEC at 35 ° N is principally
higher than TEC at 65 ° N. Differences between both
latitudes are always positive at day - time and
reach up to 20 TECU while following the solar cycle dynamics.
During disturbed conditions, it is still relatively small (10 — 13 %) for predictions provided 1 h ahead and may
reach 20 % and 30 % at middle - to - low and middle - to -
high latitudes, respectively, for
high ionospheric activity level and predictions provided 24 h ahead.
It has been suggested that
higher latitudes — Siberia, for example — may become productive due to global warming, but the soil in Arctic and bordering territories is very poor, and the amount of sunlight
reaching the ground in summer will not change because it is governed by the tilt of the earth.
When a particular combination of the orbital elements is
reached,
high latitudes of the northern hemisphere begin to experience year round snow.
As the warm water
reaches high North Atlantic
latitudes, it gives up heat and moisture to the atmosphere, leaving cold, salty, dense water that sinks to the ocean floor.
This creates an effective barrier preventing bottom warmed water from
reaching the surface (unless you believe in back - conduction of course; — RRB - Cooling of the deep oceans is only possible at
high latitudes.
Just realize that the solar heated surface layer prevents bottom warmed water from
reaching the surface, except at (very)
high latitudes.
At the shortest winter day (winter solstice), no sunlight
reaches latitudes higher than this.