Sentences with phrase «reaction conditions»
The phrase "reaction conditions" refers to the factors that affect how a chemical reaction takes place. These factors include variables such as temperature, pressure, concentration of reactants, and presence of catalysts. By manipulating these conditions, scientists can control the speed and outcome of a reaction. Full definition
Under the correct reactions conditions, enzymes can drive reactions in both directions.
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«We had to repeat a lot of the reactions and try different reaction conditions in order to see which materials in which things would react to make the Daraprim,» student Brandon Lee told Reuters Television on Friday.
To date, no highly active catalysts have been proven to withstand the harsh sulfuric acid decomposition reaction at industrial reaction conditions for greater than 1,000 hours of operation, however, capabilities to develop active and stable bimetallic catalysts now reside at INL.
These techniques show that kinetically trapped surface oxide species exist at reducing potentials and confirm that the surface structure changes at different reaction conditions.
Rondelez and his colleagues at the Laboratory for Integrated Micro-Mechanical Systems (LIMMS), a 20 - year collaboration between the IIS and the French CNRS, demonstrated a system that can test ten thousand different biochemical reaction conditions at once.
Reed's team altered the chemical reaction conditions of the CRISPR enzyme so that it only sticks to the DNA and does not actually cut it.
Under most reaction conditions with most molecules, the Earth's magnetic field is far too weak — roughly 200 times feebler than a refrigerator magnet — to have any impact on the amount of products produced.
«After numerous attempts to find the right reaction conditions, we were finally able to obtain the crystal structure of a propeller - shaped, radially extended HAB with six different substituents.»
However, a longstanding problem has been the lack of tools to map out the chemical reaction conditions inside micro-reactors.
Instead of an enzyme helping to convert substance A to B, it can catalyze the reverse reaction from B to A. Exploiting these reverse reactions would greatly extend the utility of enzymes, but the required reaction conditions are often harmful to living cells.
In their experiment, the Argonne researchers monitored the catalyst under actual reaction conditions and observed palladium clumping in the version of the catalyst that did not contain nickel.
By swapping cyclohexane (C6H11) for phenyl (C6H5) groups in otherwise identical diphosphine ligands, the team showed that gold clusters of completely different size may be synthesized in solution under the same reaction conditions.
Reaction conditions followed the manufacturer's recommendations, with an annealing temperature of 63 °C, an initial 15 minute extension time, and 10 +18 cycles.
This research demonstrates a new synthetic transformation of dialkylphosphonates to mixed phosphonates under mild reaction conditions.
Industry currently separates out the sugars from the lignin through a two - step process using harsh chemicals and reaction conditions in the first step, and an expensive enzyme in the second step.
If you could obtain a high - resolution map of all possible combinations of reaction conditions and their corresponding outcomes, the development of such reactions for specific purposes like diagnostic tests would be quicker than it is today,» explains Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) researcher Yannick Rondelez at the Institute of Industrial Science (IIS).
In hopes of improving the efficiency, George Huber, a chemical engineer at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and colleagues tested several combinations of zeolites (hundreds are known) and reaction conditions and found one standout.
The Pt3Ni nanoframe catalysts achieved a more than 36-fold and 22-fold enhancement in two different measures of catalytic activity (mass and specific activities, respectively) for the oxygen reduction reaction in comparison to state - of - the - art carbon - supported Pt catalysts (Pt / C) during prolonged exposure to reaction conditions.
«So manipulating the reaction conditions for this deprotection step, and monitoring closely the resultant chemical functionalities, is critical in tuning the electrical properties of radical polymers,» Boudouris said.
Chromatographic, flow - based screening of reaction conditions is demonstrated for Suzuki coupling in pharmaceutical research.
Catalytic micro-reactors may provide green chemistry alternatives — less chemical waste, lower cost and minimal energy waste — to conventional, industrial - sized reactors because they make it easier to control the chemical - reaction conditions and operate the reactor closer to optimal conditions.
In fact, for a catalyst to be viable it must be able to withstand the reaction conditions repeatedly and the rates of reaction, upon re-using the catalysts, must not change dramatically (or at all infact).
«We studied in detail, by reproducing the reaction conditions, the splicing process carried out by the group II intron ribozyme,» explains Lorenzo Casalino, SISSA PhD student and first author of the study.
Their results established the relative population, as well as the energetics, of the key surface intermediates under the reaction conditions.
RT - PCR of other genes (dsx and pros) and reaction conditions are presented in [18].
IV: The carbon dioxide and hydrogen are reacted together to make a hydrocarbon mixture, the reaction conditions being varied depending on the type of fuel that is required.
By controlling the reaction conditions, it is possible to ensure a minimum of FFA (typically around 2 %) which is eliminated by a polishing step — e.g., a caustic wash step or a resin - catalyzed esterification.
As my future goal, I want to design projects based on synthesis of bioactive compounds to treat diseases, which involve the synthetic reaction of small molecules with simple reagents and reaction conditions.