Reactive aggression refers to anger or aggression that is a response to a perceived threat, provocation, or attack from someone else. It is a defensive reaction when someone feels provoked or threatened, and they respond with aggression to protect themselves or fight back.
Full definition
This study's objective is to analyze temperament and parenting variables as they relate to proactive and
reactive aggression in children.
Second, two populations of antisocial individuals can be identified: those that show an increased risk for
only reactive aggression and those that show an increased risk for both reactive and instrumental aggression.
With these results, researchers can now move on to study specific social factors associated with changes in proactive and
reactive aggression in childhood.
Proactive aggression was significantly correlated with lower levels of internalizing problems and higher levels of conduct problems; and «
reactive aggression due to internal frustration» was significantly stronger correlated with anxiety problems and ADHD problems.
The Effects of Child Maltreatment From Parents
on Reactive Aggression Among Upper - Elementary - School Students and the Moderating Role of Effortful Control.
We suggest why such pathology would increase the risk
for reactive aggression and, in turn, lead to the association with a CD / ODD diagnosis.
He added: «Our findings also corroborate those of other studies, demonstrating that programs designed to
prevent reactive aggression should focus on reducing experiences of victimization, whereas those meant to counter proactive aggression should be based on the development of pro-social values.»
Proactive aggression refers to physical or verbal behaviour meant to dominate or obtain a personal advantage at the expense of others,
whereas reactive aggression is a defensive response to a perceived threat.
Impulsive - irresponsible traits were positively related to
reactive aggression at only low levels of MD and negatively related to instrumental aggression at high levels of MD..
A set of 18 other measures, including the Proactive -
Reactive Aggression Scale, the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation social relations problems subscale, the Outcome Expectation Questionnaire on aggressive behavior, and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire assessed the 4 targeted factors.
Thus, it is not clear whether links between poor emotion regulation (anger burst) and externalizing behaviour (
particularly reactive aggression) apply similarly to females.
Also, similar associations between ADHD and the three different factors were found, but with significant stronger correlations between the YSR ADHD scale (not the CBCL scale) and the «frustration - based»
reactive aggression factor, compared to the «proactive factor».
The RPQ is a 23 - item self - report questionnaire that assesses physically and verbally aggressive proactive and
reactive aggression behaviors, including bullying, yelling to intimidate others, stealing, and tantrums.
Of note, it appears that sleep problems are more closely associated with
reactive aggression as opposed to proactive aggression in adolescence (Fite et al. 2014).
Proactive and
Reactive Aggression Subgroups in Typically Developing Children: The Role of Executive Functioning, Psychophysiology, and Psychopathy.
Compared with those scoring low on narcissism, those high on narcissism, who were the least physiologically reactive group, evinced greater proactive aggression, whereas those showing a pattern of coactivation (i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic reactivity) evinced
greater reactive aggression.
Therefore the reviewed literature supports a dichotomy:
increased reactive aggression associated with a hyper - reactive amygdala and CU traits associated with a hypo - reactive amygdala.
Externalizing behavior problems were predicted by all three factors on self - report, and by proactive and
reactive aggression due to external provocation on parent - report.
Interestingly, greater eveningness preference among pre-adolescents and early adolescents is linked to externalizing behaviors in boys and
reactive aggression in girls (Susman et al. 2007).
The results showed that the cognitive schemas of justification of violence and narcissism are more relevant for proactive aggression, whereas the abuse schema is more relevant
for reactive aggression.
Aggression can be contagious: Longitudinal associations between proactive aggression and
reactive aggression among young twins.
Specifically, Susman et al. (2007) found that having an eveningness (vs. morningness) preference in late childhood / early adolescence (ages 8 — 13 years) was associated with antisocial behavior for boys but not girls, whereas an eveningness preference was uniquely associated
with reactive aggression for girls but not boys.
Temperament, harsh and indulgent parenting, and Chinese children's proactive and
reactive aggression.
While some children only exhibit reactive aggressive behaviours, proactive and
reactive aggression are generally closely related.
The study's cohort of Quebec twins, which included 223 sets of monozygotic twins (with an identical genetic code) and 332 sets of fraternal twins, made it possible to determine whether the individual differences observed in proactive and
reactive aggression were due to genetic or environmental factors.
Compared to the «basic group,» the «augmented group» who received the stimulant drug and parent training plus risperidone showed significant improvement (on average with moderately better behavior) on the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF) Disruptive - Total Scale, the NCBRF Social Competence subscale and
the Reactive Aggression part of the Antisocial Behavior Scale.
Temperament, harsh and indulgent parenting, and Chinese children's proactive and
reactive aggression.
Heterogeneity in the development of proactive and
reactive aggression in childhood: Common and specific genetic - environmental factors.
Results indicated that the abbreviated Coping Power Program (one third shorter than the full intervention) had long - term effects in reducing children's externalizing problem behaviors, proactive and
reactive aggression, impulsivity traits and callous - unemotional traits.
A test of
the reactive aggression - suicidal behavior hypothesis: is there a case for proactive aggression?
Exploring the cognitive and emotional correlates to proactive and
reactive aggression in a sample of detained girls
Social problems as a mediator of the link between
reactive aggression and withdrawn / depressed symptoms.