Sentences with phrase «reactive nitrogen»

One of the key processes involved in secondary damage is iNOS (Nitric oxide synthase)- mediated cell damage, through the generation of reactive nitrogen species peroxinitrates.

The Integrated Nitrogen Committee of the EPA's science advisory board, which held a June public teleconference on the issue of reactive nitrogen in the environment, has generated a draft report that lays out the details, including management options for nitric acid rain.

Export of reactive nitrogen from coal ‐ fired power plants in the U.S.: Estimates from a plume ‐ in ‐ grid modeling study

Intense exercise also upregulates nitric oxide production by 600 % which can further produce reactive nitrogen species.

Using business - as - usual scenarios for reactive nitrogen creation and CO2 emissions, several projections suggest that O3 - related human mortality and crop damage will rise sharply in the next few decades, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where rising temperatures and rising NOx concentrations will interact synergistically to produce more O3.

Instead, cells start «SNO - ing» proteins when they get overwhelmed by reactive nitrogen molecules.

«Myeloid - derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) produce reactive nitrogen radicals that alter the receptors on the surface of the tumour to hide it from cytotoxic lymphocytes that kill tumour cells.

6 - Gingerol is a compound that has been significantly shown to inhibit the generation of nitric acid, a highly reactive nitrogen molecule that is quickly converted into a dangerous free radical known as peroxynitrite.

Although N2 in the atmosphere is unreactive and phosphorous in rocks is unavailable to organisms, we now create more reactive nitrogen every year than all natural processes on land combined, and we have tripled the rate at which biologically available phosphorus enters ecosystems.

On the cooling side, human - created reactive nitrogen can form aerosols that reflect the Sun's energy back to space.

Measurements from the winter of 1994 — 95 indicating removal of total reactive nitrogen from the Arctic stratosphere by particle sedimentation were used to constrain a microphysical model.

Omaveloxolone inhibits MDSC activity, suppresses reactive nitrogen radicals, and restores anti-tumour immune responses.

In addition, particles of these clouds may descend and withdraw reactive nitrogen from the chlorine - activated layer — active chlorine is one of the substances mainly responsible for ozone destruction.

Editor's Note: The EPA report discusses reactive nitrogen compounds, not the inert nitrogen gas found in the atmosphere.

Manmade production of ammonia and nitrate fertilizers has exploded in recent decades and now vastly exceeds the amount of atmospheric nitrogen converted into reactive nitrogen by microbial organisms around the world.

Because of its different chemical structure, gamma tocopherol scavenges reactive nitrogen species, which can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA.

We used the gamma tocopherol form because not only does it have antioxidant activity, like alpha tocopherol, but recent evidence indicates that it also has effective ability to lower inflammation and also trap what we call reactive nitrogen species.

These forcings are spatially heterogeneous and include the effect of aerosols on clouds and associated precipitation [e.g., Rosenfeld et al., 2008], the influence of aerosol deposition (e.g., black carbon (soot)[Flanner et al. 2007] and reactive nitrogen [Galloway et al., 2004]-RRB-, and the role of changes in land use / land cover [e.g., Takata et al., 2009].

There is now about twice as much reactive nitrogen at the Earth's surface than in the past, courtesy of the Haber - Bosch process used in the fertiliser industry, while the amount of phosphorus at the surface has also doubled.

Further, billions of pounds of additional reactive nitrogen are created inadvertently as a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion.

For the most part, climate mitigation is a question about nitrogen: Because reactive nitrogen exists in many atmospheric forms, it has multiple and counteracting effects on the radiative balance of the atmosphere.

«Freshwater ecosystems, including lakes, streams and wetlands, are a large global sink for reactive nitrogen,» says lead author Jacques Finlay, an associate professor in the College of Biological Sciences (CBS).

The rate of deposition of reactive nitrogen (i.e., nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel burning and ammonia compounds from fertilizer use) from the atmosphere to the open ocean has more than doubled globally over the last 100 years.

Some reactive nitrogen may have streaked to Earth aboard comets and space dust, but scientists believe most of it formed in the atmosphere.

The machine effectively detected ninhydrin - reactive nitrogen, one of the telling compounds of decomposition, in both sites as the animals disintegrated over the next 20 weeks.

Actually, the scientists have already observed a redistribution of reactive nitrogen and signs of chlorine activation during measurement flights earlier this winter.

So where are these reactive nitrogen species coming from?

Moreover, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) are used extensively in cellular signalling, and cells adaptively regulate endogenous antioxidants on short time scales to respond to deletorious spikes of RNOS faster than we could ever achieve with dietary antioxidants.

Antioxidants and advanced glycation end products inhibitors, either induced endogenously or exogenously introduced, may counteract with the deleterious effects of the reactive oxygen / reactive nitrogen species and thereby, in prevention or treatment paradigms, attenuate or substantially delay the onset of these devastating pathologies.

The mitochondria in our cells are responsible for releasing energy from the molecules in our food, but they also unleash electron - stealing free radicals like reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species.

ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are collectively called RONS.