The social discount should not exceed
the real economic growth rate on a per capital basis.
It can be seen that the social discount rate, ρ, results from two distinct components: A component known as the «pure time preference», encapsulated by δ, and a component that combines the expected average annual
real economic growth rate, g, with a parameter η that turns out to capture people's inequality aversion.
Not exact matches
We expect the tax bill to offer moderate
economic stimulus — various estimates suggest it could add 0.3 to 0.4 points to
real GDP
growth annually — primarily through increased corporate investment in response to the higher after - tax return on investment resulting from the lower 21 % corporate tax
rate.
With the global economy «floating on an ocean of credit,» the current acceleration of credit via central bank policies will likely produce a positive
rate of
real economic growth this year for most developed countries, PIMCO chief Bill Gross writes in his latest monthly commentary, but «the structural distortions brought about by zero bound interest
rates will limit that
growth and induce serious risks in future years.»
Countries can force up
economic growth rates (actual the
growth rate of
economic activity) simply by mobilizing savings and forcing up investment
rates, but ultimately their inability to absorb continuously the higher levels of capital mean that they can not push
real wealth per capita beyond some fairly hard constraint represented by their institutional inability to absorb investment.
Since the end of quantitative easing in the U.S. in October 2014, lackluster global
economic growth and a marked divergence among central bank policies has led to a difference in the
real and forecast interest
rates in one country versus another.
The
growth rate of
real gross domestic product (GDP) measured by the U.S. Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) is a key metric of the pace of economic a
Economic Analysis (BEA) is a key metric of the pace of
economic a
economic activity.
This was because expected
economic growth rates, inflation expectations, and the
real rates required by investors differed.
The private sector economists are surveyed for only a selective number of aggregate
economic and financial indicators:
real gross domestic product (GDP)
growth; GDP inflation, nominal GDP;, the 3 - month treasury bill
rate;, the 10 - year government bond
rate;, the unemployment
rate; the, consumer price index; the exchange
rate (US cents / Cdn $); and finally, and U.S.
real GDP
growth.
The purpose of the Bernanke - Yellen monetary policy has been to lower longer - term
rates and pump up asset prices creating a wealth effect to spur spending and
real economic growth.
Combined with the unique circumstances of the post-war world, the stage was set for an extended period of broad - based
economic growth that could accommodate both increased profit
rates for capital and higher
real living standards for labour (Anderson, 1992, 310).
A reform of capitalism agenda would also include changes to CEO pay, more prudent mortgage tests, a
real end of too - big - to - fail, counter-cyclical monetary policy, more dynamic patenting laws, a rethink of trade agreements and the introduction of a wholly new set of social and
economic indicators (to capture phenomena like differential inflation
rates and the uneven benefits of GDP
growth).
As John Hussman recently noted, high
real interest
rates can signal opportunities for productive investment and future
economic growth.
The new U.S. administration's reduction in the corporate tax
rate to 21 %, accelerated depreciation for capital expenditures, roll back in regulation and potential massive infrastructure spending — combined with the fact that the U.S. has never had an eight year stretch of less than 2 %
real economic growth — could result in much higher
economic growth in the next few years.
Deflation is generally considered to be an environment of slow
economic growth and where there is actually a negative inflation
rate, with the end result being an actual increase in the
real value of money.
@JBentley — The cost of
real estate (such as residential property, and the
real estate used for retailing, restaurants, office space, and manufacturing) is already such a large fraction of the economy that the share of a region's economy that is spent on rent (or rent substitutes, such as the cost of home ownership) can not greatly exceed the region's
economic growth rate for more than one or two business cycles.
ECONOMIC OVERVIEW Currency: Australian Dollar ($ A) Market Exchange
Rate (5/24/02): US $ 1 = $ A1.79 Nominal Gross Domestic (GDP, 2001E): U.S. $ 365.8 billion
Real GDP
Growth Rate (2001E): 4.1 % (2002F): 3.8 % Inflation
Rate (2001E): 4.3 % (2002F): 3.0 % Unemployment
Rate (2001E): 6.9 % (2002F): 7.0 % Current Account Balance (2001E): - $ 15.3 billion (2002F): - $ 16.9 billion Major Trading Partners: Japan, other Far East, European Union, United States Major Export Products: crude materials, food and live animals, mineral fuels and lubricants Major Import Products: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals
ECONOMIC OVERVIEW Minister of the Economy: Roberto Lavagna Currency: Peso Financial Exchange
Rate: US$ 1 = 3.6 Argentine Pesos (10/29/02) Nominal Gross Domestic Product (2001E): $ 267.6 billion (2002E): $ 111.3 billion
Real GDP
Growth Rate: (2001E): -4.5 % (2002E): -13.7 % Inflation
Rate: (2001E): -1.1 % (2002E): 30.7 % Unemployment
Rate: (2002E): 22 % Current Account Balance as a % of GDP: (2001E): -1.7 % (2002E): 7.3 % Major Trading Partners: Brazil, United States, Japan, Uruguay, Chile, Germany, France Major Export Products (2000): Agricultural products (including manufacturing of agricultural products)(55 %), industrial products (30 %), energy (15 %) Major Import Products (2000): Consumer goods (23 %), industrial inputs (including raw materials)(34 %), capital goods (43 %)
ECONOMIC OVERVIEW Minister of Economic Development and Trade: German Oskarovich Gref Minister of Finance: Aleksey Leonidovich Kudrin Currency: Ruble Market Exchange Rate (11/6/02): $ 1 = 31.8 rubles Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP)(2001E): $ 319.3 billion; (2002E): $ 352.6 billion Real GDP Growth Rate (2001E): 5.0 %; (2002E): 4.1 % Inflation Rate (Change in Consumer Prices, Dec. 200
ECONOMIC OVERVIEW Minister of
Economic Development and Trade: German Oskarovich Gref Minister of Finance: Aleksey Leonidovich Kudrin Currency: Ruble Market Exchange Rate (11/6/02): $ 1 = 31.8 rubles Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP)(2001E): $ 319.3 billion; (2002E): $ 352.6 billion Real GDP Growth Rate (2001E): 5.0 %; (2002E): 4.1 % Inflation Rate (Change in Consumer Prices, Dec. 200
Economic Development and Trade: German Oskarovich Gref Minister of Finance: Aleksey Leonidovich Kudrin Currency: Ruble Market Exchange
Rate (11/6/02): $ 1 = 31.8 rubles Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP)(2001E): $ 319.3 billion; (2002E): $ 352.6 billion
Real GDP
Growth Rate (2001E): 5.0 %; (2002E): 4.1 % Inflation
Rate (Change in Consumer Prices, Dec. 2000 - Dec.
Thus, if
real economic growth equals 2 % per year, and population
growth equals 2 % per year, then the social discount
rate should be zero.
Capping world CO2 production would by definition cap world
economic growth at the
rate of energy efficiency
growth, a number at least two points below projected
real economic growth.
«We feel pretty good about where we are, with persistently low
rates, a good
growth profile in most asset classes and this relatively benign
economic environment,» said Jonathan Pollack, global head of Blackstone
Real Estate Debt Strategies.
«The 30 - year fixed mortgage
rate fell two basis points to 3.9 percent in this week's survey, but we closed our survey prior to a surge in long - term interest
rates following an upward revision to third quarter U.S.
Real GDP
growth and comments by Federal Reserve Chair Yellen touting a broad - based
economic expansion,» stated Len Kiefer, Freddie Mac deputy chief economist.
«The markets have been preparing for a significant period of time that
rates would be increasing once
real economic growth was evident,» he says.
New legislation fuels confidence in
economic growth and commercial
real estate space demand, while expectations of a rising interest
rate climate keep exuberance in check.
The Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) released the third estimate of
real GDP
growth in the fourth quarter of 2015, reporting a seasonally adjusted annual
rate of 1.4 %.
The Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) revised its estimate of
real GDP
growth to a seasonally adjusted annual
rate of 4.2 % in the second quarter, up from the initial estimate of 4.0 %.
The Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) released the advance estimate of
real GDP
growth in the fourth quarter of 2015, reporting a seasonally adjusted annual
rate of 0.7 %.
The Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) revised its estimate of
real GDP
growth to a seasonally adjusted annual
rate of 4.6 % in the second quarter, up from the initial estimate of 4.0 % and a second estimate of 4.2 %.
The third estimate of
real GDP
growth in the fourth quarter of 2016, from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA), shows slightly faster economic growth, a 2.1 % annual rate, up from 1.9 % in the earlier estim
Economic Analysis (BEA), shows slightly faster
economic growth, a 2.1 % annual rate, up from 1.9 % in the earlier estim
economic growth, a 2.1 % annual
rate, up from 1.9 % in the earlier estimate (s).
Low interest
rates engineered by the Federal Reserve to stimulate
economic growth have helped fuel a recovery in U.S
real estate that has lifted prices on top - tier properties in big cities 17 percent above peaks reached in November 2007, according to an index from Moody's Investors Service and Real Capi
real estate that has lifted prices on top - tier properties in big cities 17 percent above peaks reached in November 2007, according to an index from Moody's Investors Service and
Real Capi
Real Capital.
According to a recent Fitch
Ratings report, many of the country's top
real estate markets are currently over-priced by double - digit percentages based on local
economic fundamentals including population,
real housing demand and wage
growth.
This modest
growth path combined with the
real GDP
growth rate during the recovery from 2009 to this point of 2.2 percent annualized give credence to claims that the recovery's slow pace has become the «new normal,» according to Fannie Mae's
Economic & Strategic Research Group.
It says the high demand for
real estate can be attributed largely to continuing low mortgage
rates coupled with steady
economic growth, which in turn has driven up the prices for
real estate.
Commercial
real estate vacancy
rates are flat, and NAR's projections for
growth have been moderated because
economic growth and job creation have been weaker than expected.