Societal expectations of what is
reasonable expectations of privacy under the Katz doctrine is constantly changing and very difficult to assess, and a historical approach to determining privacy interests is much more workable.
The organization can only comply with that request if the police can identify their lawful authority to get the information, which essentially means that it is information in which the individual does not have
a reasonable expectation of privacy under section 8 of the Charter.
In Marakah, the court held that text messages, sent and received, can attract
a reasonable expectation of privacy under s. 8 of the Charter of Rights.
Not exact matches
Other than the general suggestion that Canadian
privacy legislation must permit collection, use and disclosure
of personal information in a manner consistent with «
reasonable expectations» to be constitutionally permissible, today's judgment raises difficult questions about the permissible scope
of privacy legislation
under the Charter.
He brought a pretrial motion for suppression
of the text messages that was dismissed by Justice Laurence Pattillo in the Ontario Superior Court
of Justice because (a) the text messages were no longer
under Marakah's control when they were received by Winchester's iPhone and (b) Marakah therefore lacked standing because he no longer had a
reasonable expectation of privacy in the text messages.
Justice Brown also held that the unknown commenters had a
reasonable expectation of privacy in the particular circumstances
of this case, since they were free to identify themselves, write
under a pseudonym or remain anonymous, and chose to write
under pseudonyms.
The court held that, regardless
of location, a conversation is protected from unreasonable search and seizure
under the Fourth Amendment if it is made with a
reasonable expectation of privacy.
On December 8, 2017, the Supreme Court
of Canada released the 5 - 2 ruling in R v Marakah, 2017 SCC 59, that text messages sent and received can, in some cases, attract a
reasonable expectation of privacy and therefore can be protected against unreasonable search and seizure
under s. 8
of the Charter
of Rights.
To challenge a search and / or seizure
under the Fourth Amendment, a person must have standing - the right to sue (that is, you must have had a
reasonable expectation of privacy in the place where the search happened; if you didn't, no standing - can't claim your
privacy was...
However, the Court clarified that the guarantee
under the Charter only protects a
reasonable expectation of privacy.
However, the majority
of the Court found that the recording was made
under circumstances that did not give rise to a
reasonable expectation of privacy and therefore upheld Jarvis» acquittal at trial.
The Office
of the
Privacy Commissioner of Canada agreed with PIAC, finding that Nexopia's default privacy settings of sharing all user profile information with the whole internet as a default setting do not properly consider the reasonable expectations of its users under the age
Privacy Commissioner
of Canada agreed with PIAC, finding that Nexopia's default
privacy settings of sharing all user profile information with the whole internet as a default setting do not properly consider the reasonable expectations of its users under the age
privacy settings
of sharing all user profile information with the whole internet as a default setting do not properly consider the
reasonable expectations of its users
under the age
of 18.
Hence, when a police request for information is not Charter compliant by reason, for example,
of the lack
of reasonable grounds to suspect that the information requested has anything to do with criminal wrongdoing, or because the information requested attracts a
reasonable expectation of privacy, the TSP is not authorized
under s. 7 (3)(c. 1) to disclose the information.
The issue was whether the accused had a
reasonable expectation of privacy in regard to the contents
of the laptop, whether his right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure had been infringed, and whether the evidence should be excluded
under Section 24 (2)
of the Charter.
But if Judge Clark agrees that Mr. Smith had a
reasonable expectation of privacy and grants him standing, it would mean police forces across the country, who daily obtain subscriber information
under PIPEDA requests, would have to revert to the old, labour - intensive system
of seeking search warrants every time they want customer information from ISPs.
Although the question is
of general importance in Charter litigation, I will frame it in the context
of search and seizure law: When a defendant asserts a
reasonable expectation of privacy in a challenge to the reasonableness
of a search and seizure
under s. 8
of the Charter, does he or she have to testify or call evidence?
One case found that people in a public park have a
reasonable expectation of privacy, such that a person who surreptitiously records them for a sexual purpose is guilty
of voyeurism
under s. 162 (1)(c).
A person asserting a right to
privacy under the Fourth Amendment must exhibit an actual, subjective
expectation of privacy and show that the subjective
expectation of privacy is one that society is prepared to recognize as
reasonable.
First, does the individual have a
reasonable expectation of privacy with respect to the item in question
under the totality
of circumstances?
«To warrant Fourth Amendment protection, a government employee's
expectation of privacy must be one that society is prepared to consider
reasonable under the operational realities
of the workplace,» the city said, echoing the words
of the court's previous decision on workplace
privacy.
In summary, the
reasonable expectation of privacy differs significantly from searches conducted
under circumstances when there is little or no
expectation of privacy (e.g., airports and other transportation hubs) or when the search is minimally intrusive.
The changes Facebook has put in place in response to concerns we raised as part
of our investigation last year are
reasonable and meet the
expectations set out
under Canadian
privacy law.
In the ruling, the judges said, «We thus conclude that
under ordinary circumstances, the use
of a cell - site simulator to locate a person through his or her cellphone invades the person's actual, legitimate, and
reasonable expectation of privacy in his or her location information and is a search.»