Similarly, the effect of not
receiving exclusive breast milk was stronger (pi = 0.004 for interaction) in those infants whose GP was in a more deprived area (for Jarman ⩾ 1.5, adjusted OR = 17.66) than in a less deprived area (for Jarman < 1.5, adjusted OR = 0.97).
Receiving no breast milk and not
receiving exclusive breast milk were both significantly associated with an increase in diarrhoeal disease (adjusted OR = 2.74 and 3.62 respectively).
Not exact matches
Breast milk is important for every single baby - but it's especially important for premature babies to
receive an
exclusive human
milk diet.
Breastfeeding is
exclusive when babies are fed only
breast milk or expressed
milk, and
receive no other liquid or solid, not even water, with the exception of oral rehydration solutions, medicines, minerals or vitamins drops or syrups [11].
Exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant
receives only
breast milk.
The number of infants
receiving mixed feeding was too small (table 1) to estimate precisely its effect on diarrhoeal disease, and for further analysis they were combined either with
exclusive breast milk or with formula.
Here,
exclusive breast milk means that the only
milk the infant
received was
breast milk, although many had been weaned onto solids.
Although there were no important differences in breastfeeding duration between groups, there was a considerably longer duration of
exclusive breastfeeding (which was defined as providing only
breast milk for the previous 24 h, but did allow formula less than once per week) among women
receiving the research bags (either alone or in combination with the research counseling [P < 0.01, 1 - tailed log rank test]-RRB- versus those not
receiving research bags.
Overall breastfeeding is defined as those infants that are fed exclusively
breast milk plus those infants that are breastfed but also
receive some type of supplemental nutrition (infant formula, rice, etc.), in other words, it is the sum of the combination rate plus the
exclusive breastfeeding rate.
Other limitations of the included studies were that some studies lacked the distinction between
exclusive breastfeeding, defined by the World Health Organization as «the infant has
received only
breast milk from his / her mother or a wet nurse, or expressed
breast milk, and no other liquids or solids, with the exception of drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicines,» and partial breastfeeding, defined by the World Health Organization as «a situation where the baby is
receiving some breastfeeds but is also being given other food or food - based fluids, such as formula
milk or weaning foods.»
1 «
Exclusive breastfeeding» is defined as no other food or drink, not even water, except
breast milk (including
milk expressed or from a wet nurse) for 6 months of life, but allows the infant to
receive ORS, drops and syrups (vitamins, minerals and medicines).
The World Health Organization defines
exclusive breastfeeding as
receiving «only
breast milk from his / her mother or a wet nurse, or expressed
breast milk, and no other liquids or solids with the exception of drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicines» (38).
Breastfeeding was categorised on a 7 - point scale from 7 =
exclusive breastfeeding (which was defined as no other
milk or food, but infants may have
received water and other liquids) through to
exclusive formula, between these extremes of the scale there were various «intensities» of breastfeeding (e.g. > 50 %
breast milk).