To do that, they used a set of equations — recently updated based on the most
recent epidemiological research — describing how exposure to air pollution affects a person's risk of dying from various diseases.
First, the
research team asked over 200 volunteers to fill out a survey about «
recent affective experiences;» what the volunteers didn't know was that a well - known measure of depression — the Center for
Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES - D) scale — was embedded within this survey.
In a
recent review of the distribution of
research grant emphases in the area of violence, several NIH institutes classified their studies into one of three categories: (a) preintervention studies, which included risk or protective studies, population - based
epidemiological studies, or basic prevention development; (b) efficacy studies, which included laboratory trials of the impact of specific preventive or treatment interventions targeted at disruptive behavior disorders, including conduct disorder; and (c) effectiveness
research, which included studies of the effectiveness, dissemination, or transportability of interventions into community (nonacademic) settings.