Sentences with phrase «receptor substrate»

In addition, altered enzymatic activities, such as an increased phosphatase activity and / or seryl phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate by glycogen synthase kinase - 3 (GSK - 3), have also been shown to be involved in some cases of type 2 diabetes (19,20).

Seow K.M, Juan C.C, Hsu Y.P, Hwang J.L, Huang L.W, Ho L.T, Amelioration of insulin resistance in women with PCOS via reduced insulin receptor substrate - 1 Ser312 phosphorylation following laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery, Human Reproduction 2007.

METHODS: We treated 3T3 - L1 adipocytes with 2.5 mmol / l R (+) alpha - lipoic acid for 2 to 60 min, followed by assays of: 2 - deoxyglucose uptake; glucose transporter 1 and 4 (GLUT1 and GLUT4) subcellular localization; tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor or of the insulin receptor substrate - 1 in cell lysates; association of phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase activity with immunoprecipitates of proteins containing phosphotyrosine or of insulin receptor substrate - 1 using a in vitro kinase assay; association of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase with phosphotyrosine proteins or with insulin receptor substrate - 1; and in vitro activity of immunoprecipitated Akt1.

The extract caused the mice's muscle cells to produce more of pretty much all the proteins that make the insulin receptor work — from the IR insulin receptor to GLUT4 transport protein to insulin - receptor substrate to Akt.

Mechanism by which fatty acids inhibit insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate - 1 (IRS - 1)- associated phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase activity in muscle.

Twelve - hour exposure of 3T3 - L1 adipocytes to H (2) O (2) or TNF - alpha resulted in the increase of c - Jun NH (2)- terminal kinase (JNK) activation and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) serine 307 phosphorylation, concomitantly with the decrease in insulin - stimulated IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and cellular glucose uptake.

Sesti G, Federici M, Hribal ML, Lauro D, Sbraccia P, Lauro R. Defects of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) system in human metabolic disorders.

For example, the insulin receptor substrate and phosphotyrosine binding proteins GAB1 / GAB2 emerged on the metazoan stem after the divergence of choanoflagellates, indicating that an insulin - signalling - like pathway may have been a key regulator of growth in early animals by tying into the ancient PDK1 and Akt kinases (Fig. 2b).

Abbreviations: ASC, apoptosis - associated speck - like protein containing a caspase - recruitment domain; ATM, adipose - tissue - resident macrophage; BAT, brown adipose tissue; CCR2, CC chemokine receptor 2; CHOP, C / EBP (CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein)- homologous protein; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GPCR, G - protein - coupled receptor; HIF, hypoxia - inducible factor; IFNγ, interferon γ; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IL, interleukin; IRS - 1, insulin receptor substrate - 1; JNK, c - Jun N - terminal kinase; LDL, low - density lipoprotein; Ldlr, LDL receptor; LXR, liver X receptor; MCP - 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; miRNA, microRNA; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NF - κB, nuclear factor κB; NLRP3, NLR (nucleotide - binding - domain - and leucine - rich - repeat - containing) family, pyrin - domain - containing 3; oxLDL, oxidized LDL; PKR, double - stranded RNA - dependent protein kinase; PPAR, peroxisome - proliferator - activated receptor; STAT6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; SVF, stromal vascular fraction; TLR, Toll - like receptor; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor α; UPR, unfolded protein response; WAT, white adipose tissue

Abbreviations: AGL = glycogen debranching enzyme; GSK3A / B = glycogen synthase kinase 3 α / β; GYS2 = glycogen synthase 2; PYGL = glycogen phosphorylase, liver form; PCK1 / 2 = phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1/2; FBP1 / 2 = fructose -1,6-bisphosphatase 1/2; G6PC = glucose -6-phosphatase; G6PD = glucose -6-phosphate 1 - dehydrogenase; GLUT - 2 = glucose transporter 2; INSR = insulin receptor; IRS1 / 2 = insulin receptor substrate 1/2; PIK3CA / B / D = PI3 - kinase subunit α / β / δ; and AKT1 = protein kinase B - α.

The Drosophila melanogaster gene chicoencodes an insulin receptor substrate that functions in an insulin / insulin - like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway.

Decreased IGF type 1 receptor signaling in mammary epithelium during pregnancy leads to reduced proliferation, alveolar differentiation, and expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS - 2.

Not exact matches

Supramolecular chemistry is the study of the structures and functions of the supermolecules that result from binding substrates to molecular receptors.

Macropolycyclic receptors and coreceptors have been designed that form cryptate inclusion complexes and display molecular recognition towards spherical, tetrahedral, and linear substrates of various kinds (metal cations, inorganic anions, and organic or biological cations or anions).

«We were quite surprised that by silencing just this single odorant receptor, flies could no longer localize their preferred egg - laying substrate.»

They also discovered that the receptors have large internal cavities, whose function is unknown, though Yokoyama speculates that they might be used as the entrance and exits for the substrates and products of the receptors» activities.

Gozzi, A. *, Turrini, G., Piccoli, L., Massagrande, M., Amantini, D., Antolini, M., Martinelli, P., Cesari, N., Montanari, D., Tessari, M., Corsi, M., Bifone, A. Functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals different neural substrates for the effects of orexin - 1 and orexin - 2 receptor antagonists (2011) PLoS ONE, 6 (1), art.

Protection of retinal ganglion cells by caspase substrate - binding peptide IQACRG from N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor - mediated excitotoxicity.

Caspase Substrate - Binding Peptide IQACRG Protects Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells from N - Methyl - D - Aspartate Receptor - Mediated Excitotoxicity.

Building on this, he found that a family of TGF -(beta) receptor kinase substrates, Smad proteins, are transcriptional activators, thereby establishing the central concept of how this pathway operates.

This is due to autophosphorylation of this receptor, which then recruits IRS - 1, IRS - 2 and some of the other substrates.

GABAA receptors are the molecular substrates for the regulation of vigilance, anxiety, memory function, muscle tension, and epileptogenic activity.

The KININ meeting occurs every three years, assembling scientists and clinicians involved in the field of bradykinin (kinins) and its related proteins (enzymes, cofactors, substrates, receptors, proteolytic systems, disease states, and developing therapies) for presentation of the latest ideas, research, drug development and therapeutics in these biologic systems.