Sentences with phrase «receptors on the surface»

By hindering LMPTP, the drug reawakens insulin receptors on the surface of cells — especially in the liver — which normally absorb excess sugar from the blood when they detect insulin.

The immune system depends on molecules called T cell receptors on the surface of T cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens from virus - infected cells, tumors and other threats.

«Myeloid - derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) produce reactive nitrogen radicals that alter the receptors on the surface of the tumour to hide it from cytotoxic lymphocytes that kill tumour cells.

Not to science, though: the taste has recently been traced to a single receptor on the surface of cells on your tongue.

Work is now continuing to study what transmitter substance and what receptor on the surface of the cell are responsible for the newly discovered timing mechanism.

The drug blocks CTLA - 4, a protein receptor on the surface of T - cells that serves as a molecular stop sign, preventing the immune system from going into overdrive.

Malenka and Nicoll focused on AMPA and NMDA, two different kinds of protein receptors on the surface of neurons that can bind with the neurotransmitter glutamate.

These proteins latch onto their receptor on the surfaces of neighboring cells and kick - start the production of hundreds of other antiviral proteins.

By latching onto receptors on the surface of T lymphocytes, gp120 allows the virus to enter the cells and reproduce.

Indeed, by examining brain tissue and slices from the cocaine - addicted rats at various stages of withdrawal and craving, Wolf and her colleagues discovered that the incubation period and the subsequent spike in craving appeared to correlate with the appearance of atypical AMPA receptors on the surface of neurons in the NAc, which could help explain cocaine craving.

They also found that TMEM108 was critical to the expression of AMPA receptors on the surface of the neurons.

The key discovery made by the CSHL team is that FER is able to activate a receptor on the surface of ovarian cells «from below,» as it were — by interacting with a portion of the receptor that penetrates the cell membrane and plunges into the cytoplasm.

pAPCs express toll - like receptors on their surfaces that recognize and trap molecular patterns called antigens on bacteria, food and our own cells.

They have also isolated specific receptors on the surfaces of cancer cells that green tea compounds may interact with.

In nature, a slime mould relies on chemical receptors on its surface to sense substances in its path as it creeps along the forest floor.

M1 and M2 macrophages each have protein receptors on their surfaces that let them receive signals from their surroundings.

A normal cell has chemical receptors on its surface that link up with specific molecules generated by the body and control the timing of such functions as eating and sleeping.

Think of brain cells as rooms with locks called receptors on their surfaces and a hypocretin as a key that is also a stimulant.

They found that the mutated G1 and G2 variant did so particularly well on what's known as a receptor on the surface of kidney cells, in this case the suPAR activated receptor alphavbeta3 integrin.

PD - 1 (programmed cell death protein 1) is a receptor on the surface of T cells (the white blood cells that are part of the immune system), while PD - L1 (programmed death - ligand 1) is a molecule that binds to PD - 1 and is often over-expressed on the surface of cancer cells, enabling them to evade the immune system and allow cancer to grow and spread.

Now a team of researchers led by Philip Kim, a professor of computer science and molecular genetics in the University of Toronto's Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, has developed a new technology for making mirror - image peptides, which bind and activate receptors on the surface of cells.

One of the driving forces behind non-Hodgkin lymphomas is the over-activation of a receptor on the surface of B cells.

Once they are engineered with antibodies that bind to specific receptors on the surface of targeted cells, these nanoparticles also can, in principle, become highly specific to the disease they are designed to treat.

More of the antibodies that coat the nanorod can therefore bind receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, and that leads to more effective cell adhesion and more effective drug delivery.

Anyone lucky enough to resist infection with HIV altogether likely lacks the CCR5 receptor on the surface of his CD4 cells.

This was done by deleting a receptor on the surface of the CD4 cell that HIV uses to get inside.

In human medicine EGFR is frequently used as the target of cancer immunotherapy because many cancer cells bear this receptor on their surface.

A team of researchers from the Pasteur Institute in Paris has discovered a second receptor on the surface of cells that helps HIV to enter and infect them.

Both endorphins and opioids latch on to proteins called opioid receptors on the surface of nerve cells.

The other end, known as the constant region, binds to receptors on the surface of cells that can direct the immune system to respond in a variety of ways, all in the hopes of eliminating the target on the variable end of the antibody.

HIV infects white blood cells by sequentially attaching to two receptors on their surfaces.

The cytokine then binds to its receptor on the surface of the Müller cells and induces the release of additional inflammatory proteins that attract phagocytes to the damaged retina.

Adenosine helps to sustain such cells by fitting into a protein called the A2A adenosine receptor on their surfaces, like a key into a lock.

The researchers are using the «Proximity Ligation Assay» method to measure the distances between B cell receptors on the surface of the cell.

Cell signaling pathways are a defined series of interactions between proteins that govern biological functions, initiated by receptors on the surface of cells.

The protein covers the viral surface and allows it to attach to a receptor on the surface of its target cell.

«By eliminating the expression of the IgE receptor on the surface of mast cells, we have identified an innovative and targeted approach with the potential to treat allergic inflammation in millions of patients worldwide.

Receptors on the surface of the myoepithelial cells are designed to interact with a hormone, oxytocin, released during lactation.

They detect these cells with the help of protein receptors on their surface.

For example, T - cells have a receptor on their surface called PD - 1, which acts as an off switch.

Researchers from immune biology professor Annette Oxenius's group have now discovered what keeps NK cells from killing off their «colleagues from the other department» of the immune system: healthy CD8 + cells are able to detect the immune messenger substance type 1 interferon, which binds to specific receptors on the surface of these immune cells and thereby conceals their stress.

Once the sensors have traveled into a tumor's leaky blood vessels, they use special targeting molecules to bind to receptors on the surface of blood vessel cells.

Wang is particularly interested in manipulating the proteins that form chemical receptors on the surface of cells.

Recently, there has been progress in the treatment of patients with malignancy through targeting receptors on the surface of CD8 + T cells that inhibit their activity within the highly suppressive tumor microenvironment.

With swarms of these receptors on their surfaces, cells can sense changes in the concentration of chemicals and tell in which direction gradients point.

One of the viral genes, env, specifies a protein that forms the viral envelope, the outer covering of the virus that interacts with a target receptor on the surface of lung cells.

A study from Dr. Dusty Miller's laboratory indicates that Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) infects both sheep and human cells cultured outside the body and does so by attaching to a receptor on the surface of lung cells.

Once the fluorescent chemical message binds to the receptor on the surface of the stem cell, the stem cell will «light up» under fluorescent light.

From there they showed that cancer cells had lost structural polarity, resulting in random distribution of CAR receptors on their surface, thereby allowing the virus to attach to and infect the tumor cells.

Paul Insel, MD, professor of pharmacology and medicine, will investigate the expression of the GPCR family of receptors on the surface of cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).