Sentences with phrase «reconstructed temperatures»

In this paper, the model used is shown to match the spatial pattern of reconstructed temperature change during the «Little Ice Age» (which includes substantial regional cooling in regions such as Europe) as well as the smaller hemispheric - mean changes (the «Hockey Team» if you will)- mike]

The team compared their best estimate reconstructed temperature for 1971 — 2000 with all other consecutive 30 - year periods within each regional reconstruction.

The attribution calculation in the IPCC AR5 is based on fingerprint studies, where the spatial patterns of the temperature response of the climate models to various agents are scaled to best reconstruct the temperature record from observational constraints.

Using a cutting - edge research technique, UCLA researchers have reconstructed the temperature history of a region that plays a major role in determining climate around the world.

However, temperature estimates derived from tetraethers in modern soils from Svalbard, Norway (MAT ≈ — 4 °C) were within 2 °C of instrumental temperature records (MAT ≈ — 6 °C), suggesting that tetraethers are an effective proxy for reconstructing temperatures from paleosols at high latitudes (Peterse et al., 2009).

If the dashed line describes a more accurate representation of the relationship between the proxy values and temperature measurements at lower proxy values, then using the dashed line will result in different reconstructed temperature series.

See e.g. our review paper (Schmidt et al, 2004), where the response of a climate model to estimated past changes in natural forcing due to solar irradiance variations and explosive volcanic eruptions, is shown to match the spatial pattern of reconstructed temperature changes during the «Little Ice Age» (which includes enhanced cooling in certain regions such as Europe) as well as the smaller hemispheric - mean changes.

The «hockey stick» curve showing reconstructed temperature data over the last 1000 years — with recent temperatures rising sharply — attracted considerable controversy when it was published in 1999 and included in the IPCC 2001 report.

It will be demonstrated that sustained volcanic outgassing was the primary source of carbon dioxide during OAE 1a and was the ultimate driver of the observed global warming with reconstructed temperatures during OAE 1a being higher than found anywhere during the Cenozoic.

[3][4] Particularly large differences between reconstructed temperature series occur at the few times when there is little temporal overlap between successive satellites, making intercalibration difficult.

A phenomenological model based on these astronomical cycles can be used to well reconstruct the temperature oscillations since 1850 and to make partial forecasts for the 21st century.

From these relationships and reconstructed temperature time series, we diagnose glacial − interglacial time series of dust radiative forcing and iron fertilization of ocean biota, and use these time series to force Earth system model simulations.

In Europe, slightly higher reconstructed temperatures were registered in A.D. 741 — 770, and the interval from A.D. 21 — 80 was substantially warmer than 1971 — 2000.

It shows reconstructed temperature data over the last 1000 years, with recent temperatures increasing sharply.

Büntgen reconstructed temperatures and rainfall in western Europe over the last 2500 years from nearly 9000 samples of oak, pine and larch.

Researchers reconstructed temperatures from fossil pollen collected from 642 lake or pond sites across North America — including water bodies in Wyoming — and Europe.

Reconstructed temperature anomalies from GCs agree with TF based LGM cooling estimates for most regions of low latitudes (Bard 2001; Niebler et al. 2003; Barker et al. 2005).

What is more, going further back in time, each of the preceding four interglacial periods (for which high - quality reconstructed temperature records exist) were more than 2 °C warmer than the interglacial in which we currently live.

However, scientists for far longer have been able to use more limited data to reconstruct temperatures down to depths of 2,000 meters, as shown in the figure below.

The blue line represents reconstructed temperature.

«Smoothed versions (annual mean) of reconstructed temperature PC1 (solid blue line) and the inverted SAM index (dotted red line).

A new study by Spielhagen and co-authors in Science reconstructs temperatures of North Atlantic source waters to the Arctic for the past two millennia, adding another very long - handled Hockey Stick to the ever - growing league.

This technique has been rightly criticised for failing to distinguish between reconstructed temperature and the instrumental temperature in a graph.

If tree - rings proxies can not be used to reconstruct temperature data, then what do we have left?

I determined this relationship by obtaining the trends devoid of noise and periodic components by using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to decompose and reconstruct the temperature series and then looking at the correlation of the first difference (instantaneous slope) of the tas trends versus the first difference of the tas trend minus the tos trend.

Some data were subject to non-publication agreements but the vast majority were already freely available; ready for anyone (as Muir Russell demonstrated) to reconstruct temperature time series virtually identical to those of CRU (and others).

In Europe, slightly higher reconstructed temperatures were registered in 741 — 770, and the interval from 21 — 80 was substantially warmer than 1971 — 2000.

In this latest study, the team used an expanded set of proxy data, recently updated instrumental data, and two complementary methods to reconstruct temperatures for much of the last 2000 years.