In addition, they often fail to adequately
record exposure to violence, including to domestic abuse which, as is pointed out above, is itself associated with other confounding risk factors for ADHD, such as prematurity, maternal
alcohol abuse, and maternal smoking; for example, domestic abuse is identified in the ALSPAC cohort by the parental question «Has anyone been cruel to you», a question that renders this cohort unsuitable for any study investigating the impact of domestic abuse on children as it is likely to be very insensitive.