Probably because of both mid-century «global dimming» from aerosols, and subsequent «global brightening» from
reduced aerosol pollution, a different interval — e.g., 1976 to the present — would have required a very different dividing up of attributions.
«This study has demonstrated for the first time, using in - situ PM measurements, that
reducing aerosol pollution is driving the Insolation Brightening phenomenon and that the trends in aerosol pollution, particularly for sulphate aerosol, is directly linked to anthropogenic emissions.
Not exact matches
During this event, the
aerosols stayed close to the surface due to the presence of a anticyclone hovering over the study region at sea - level, «
reducing the amount of shortwave irradiance reaching the surface and causing greater radiative cooling,» states Obregón, who likens the effects of desert dust with those resulting from certain forest fires or episodes of high
pollution.
Li said the study's findings should further spur countries like China and India to cut
aerosol emissions so they
reduce pollution and thereby increase their solar electricity generation more rapidly, in addition to the already known health benefits.
Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study shows that in the most polluted areas of northern and eastern China,
aerosol pollution is
reducing the potential for solar electricity generation by as much as one and a half kilowatt - hour per square meter per day, or up to 35 percent.
Indeed, conventional wisdom held that higher levels of
aerosol pollution in the atmosphere should cool the earth's climate because
aerosols can increase cloudiness; they not only
reduce precipitation, which raises the water content in clouds, but they also increase the size of the individual water droplets, which in turn causes more warming sunlight to be reflected back into space.
Ironically, future reductions of particulate air
pollution may exacerbate global warming by
reducing the cooling effect of reflective
aerosols.
It is likely that at least some of this change, particularly over Europe, is due to decreases in
pollution; most governments have done more to
reduce aerosols released into the atmosphere that help global dimming instead of
reducing CO2 emissions.
In the future, net radiation may be
reduced through
aerosol pollution, which will push the system qualitatively closer to the critical threshold (7).
Ironically, future reductions of particulate air
pollution may exacerbate global warming by
reducing the cooling effect of reflective
aerosols.
Much warming may have been
aerosol pollution reducing cloud albedo.
This is as to be expected, since continued efforts to
reduce atmospheric
aerosols in the West have resulted in less dimming (more warming), while in the East increasing
pollution has caused more dimming (less warming).
«Between the Fourth and Fifth [IPCC] Assessment Reports the best estimate of the cooling effect of
aerosol pollution was greatly
reduced.
However, this offsetting effect is unlikely to remain in the future as improved
pollution controls are expected to significantly
reduce the cooling effect of
aerosols over the course of coming decades: Meinshausen et al (2006).
Thankfully, the U.S. and many other countries around the world have worked to
reduce haze - forming
aerosol pollution, and we can all breathe a little easier.
But I've been shifting my thinking based on recent conversations with some of the authors below about the feasibility of incremental management of sun - blocking
aerosols, even as warming
aerosols contributing to conventional air
pollution are
reduced.
Tall smokestacks effectively
reduce ground - level air
pollution, but they do not
reduce the cooling effect of
aerosol / particulate
pollution.