Not exact matches
Exxon has argued against all the other shareholder proposals as well, including a «policy to explicitly prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity»; a policy articulating Exxon's «respect for and commitment to the
human right to water»; «a report discussing possible long term risks to the company's finances and operations posed by the environmental, social and economic challenges associated with the oil sands»; a report
of «known and potential environmental impacts» and «policy options» to address the impacts
of the company's «fracturing operations»; a report
of recommendations on how Exxon can become an «environmentally sustainable energy company»; and adoption
of «quantitative goals... for
reducing total
greenhouse gas emissions.»
Granted, there are more benefits to
reducing particulate and
greenhouse gas emissions than just climate change, i.e. PM 2.5 which can be stuck in the
human lung and cause cancer / respiratory issues, SO2 which contributes to acid rain (we've already eliminated the majority
of this problem), as well as soot (nobody wants the surrounding area covered in ash).
Politics
of deferred gratification Under one
of the additional scenarios, known as RCP 4.5,
humans take longer to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions but eventually do so, and under the other, known as RCP 8.5, carbon dioxide concentrations continue to rise through 2100.
Within minutes, the two men had also agreed that it was important to prepare for climate change, whether
human - induced or natural, and that an expansion
of nuclear reactors to generate power could help
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
For example, the report summarizes recent research underpinning the scientific rationale for large and rapid reductions in global
greenhouse gas emissions, in order to
reduce the likelihood
of dangerous
human - induced climate change.
By the way, I'd just like to mention that I am far happier to be arguing about the comparative benefits
of nuclear power, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, conservation, efficiency, reforestation, organic agriculture, etc. for quickly
reducing CO2
emissions and concentrations, than to be engaged in yet another argument with someone who doesn't believe that CO2 is a
greenhouse gas, or that
human activities are not causing warming, or that the Earth is cooling, or thinks that AGW is a «liberal» conspiracy to destroy capitalism, etc..
Called «Many Heavens, One Earth,» the meeting is intended to generate commitments for actions by religious organizations, congregants and countries that could
reduce emissions of greenhouse gases or otherwise limit the
human impact on the environment.
At the same time it will help mitigate and solve catastrophic consequences
of human - induced global warming and climate change by
reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.
Actions to
reduce emissions of carbon pollution and other
greenhouse gases that accelerate climate change will protect
human health in both the short...
In June 2016, a partnership
of 31 leading nonpartisan scientific associations sent a consensus letter to U.S. policymakers that reaffirmed the reality
of human - caused climate change, noting that
greenhouse gas emissions «must be substantially
reduced» to minimize negative impacts on the global economy, natural resources, and
human health.
that «
Human combustion
of fossil fuels is significantly causing that climate change» is also true, then many, perhaps most, people will accept that there is a need to «
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build out clean energy» even if it will «cost consumers money, decrease energy security and destroy jobs».
If
humans don't act to
reduce their
emissions of greenhouse gases, Gore contends, the deaths caused by climate change will double in 25 years to 300,000 people a year, and more than a million species worldwide could be driven to extinction in half a century.
Just this May the United States Academy
of Sciences concluded once again that
humans are causing climate change and this will lead to harsh impacts for the
human race and ecological systems unless steps are taken to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
«Meat production represents 18 percent
of global
human - induced GHG
emissions... While the world is looking for sharp reductions in
greenhouse gases responsible for climate change, growing global meat production is going to severely compromise future efforts... a study from the University
of Chicago showed that if Americans were to
reduce meat consumption by 20 percent it would be as if they switched from a standard sedan to the ultra-efficient Prius.»
Monsieur Joggles, methane
emission from the arctic can not be stopped, but they can be
reduced by stopping, or failing that greatly limiting,
human emissions of greenhouse gases.
In a keynote address to the conference, Mr Jarraud reiterated the urgency
of action to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions from
human activities, and sounded a warning note about using geoengineering to try to limit climate change.
The report notes that this decade is critical in
reducing human greenhouse gas emissions, that we have all the technology necessary to do so, and examines the policies
of various countries toward that end.
In a consensus letter to U.S. policymakers, a partnership
of 31 leading nonpartisan scientific societies today reaffirmed the reality
of human - caused climate change, noting that
greenhouse gas emissions «must be substantially
reduced» to minimize negative impacts on the global economy, natural resources, and
human health.
«Efforts to
reduce human - induced warming are even more urgent in order to minimise this type
of feedback
of natural
greenhouse gas emissions»
«This means that efforts to
reduce human - induced warming are even more urgent in order to minimise this type
of feedback
of natural
greenhouse gas emissions,» says a co-author
of the study, David Bastviken, senior lecturer in environmental change at Linköping University.
On Climate Action: The APS reiterates its 2007 call to support actions that will
reduce the
emissions, and ultimately the concentration,
of greenhouse gases as well as increase the resilience
of society to a changing climate, and to support research on technologies that could
reduce the climate impact
of human activities.
Given the importance
of the scientific consensus on
human - caused global warming in peoples» decisions whether to support action to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the public lack
of awareness
of the consensus, we need to make people aware
of these results.
In particular, the EU should take urgent steps to
reduce the consumption
of commodities, such as palm oil biodiesel, that are linked to rainforest destruction and accompanying
greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss and
human rights violations.»
As future climate change is dependent upon
emissions of greenhouse gases, efforts to mitigate those
emissions can
reduce the likelihood that
human or natural systems will experience a limit to adaptation.
While environmental activists and some politicians claim «the debate is over» and call for immediate action to
reduce man - made
greenhouse gas emissions, others say the science points to only a very small
human impact — too small to warrant concern — and the costs
of trying to prevent global warming far exceed the benefits.
Given that for over 20 years since international climate change negotiations began, the United States has refused to commit to
reduce its
greenhouse gas emissions based upon the justification that there is too much scientific uncertainty to warrant action, if it turns out that
human - induced climate change actually greatly harms the health and ecological systems on which life depends
of others, should the United States be responsible for the harms that could have been avoided if preventative action had been taken earlier?
Given the growing urgency
of the need to rapidly
reduce global
greenhouse gas emissions and the hard - to - imagine magnitude
of global
emissions reductions needed to stabilize atmospheric concentrations at reasonably safe levels, the failure
of many engaged in climate change controversies to see the practical significance
of understanding climate change as an ethical problem must be seen as a huge
human tragedy.
Awareness
of the scientific consensus on
human - caused global warming is a key factor in peoples» decisions whether or not to support action to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Because it has been scientifically well established that there is a great risk
of catastrophic harm from
human - induced change (even though it is acknowledged that there are remaining uncertainties about timing and magnitude
of climate change impacts), no high - emitting nation, sub-national government, organization, business, or individual
of greenhouse gases may use some remaining scientific uncertainty about climate change impacts as an excuse for not
reducing its
emissions to its fair share
of safe global
greenhouse gas emission on the basis
of scientific uncertainty.
Countries included in Annex B
of the Protocol (most Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries and countries with economies in transition) agreed to
reduce their
human - induced heat - trapping
gas (
greenhouse gas)
emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride) by at least 5 % below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.
«Climate science» as it is used by warmists implies adherence to a set
of beliefs: (1) Increasing
greenhouse gas concentrations will warm the Earth's surface and atmosphere; (2)
Human production
of CO2 is producing significant increases in CO2 concentration; (3) The rate
of rise
of temperature in the 20th and 21st centuries is unprecedented compared to the rates
of change
of temperature in the previous two millennia and this can only be due to rising
greenhouse gas concentrations; (4) The climate
of the 19th century was ideal and may be taken as a standard to compare against any current climate; (5) global climate models, while still not perfect, are good enough to indicate that continued use
of fossil fuels at projected rates in the 21st century will cause the CO2 concentration to rise to a high level by 2100 (possibly 700 to 900 ppm); (6) The global average temperature under this condition will rise more than 3 °C from the late 19th century ideal; (7) The negative impact on humanity
of such a rise will be enormous; (8) The only alternative to such a disaster is to immediately and sharply
reduce CO2
emissions (
reducing emissions in 2050 by 80 % compared to today's rate) and continue further reductions after 2050; (9) Even with such draconian CO2 reductions, the CO2 concentration is likely to reach at least 450 to 500 ppm by 2100 resulting in significant damage to humanity; (10) Such reductions in CO2
emissions are technically feasible and economically affordable while providing adequate energy to a growing world population that is increasingly industrializing.
The US apparent unwillingness to
reduce its
greenhouse gas emissions beyond what it is already on track to achieve is
of considerable controversy in the Qatar negotiations this week because
of the growing scientific concern about the potential inevitability
of catastrophic warming caused by
human activities.
On the vital question
of how to approach climate change, the most influential economist is William Nordhaus whose explicit position is that we should decide to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions only if cost - benefit analysis or an optimisation model concludes that the net benefits to
humans are positive, where the relevant effects are essentially impacts on economic output (Nordhaus and Yang, 1996).
Beyond the scientific questions — it becomes a question
of how to pragmatically
reduce human pressures on Earth systems — including inter alia —
greenhouse gas emissions.
On the basis
of well - established evidence from the past 20 years, there is now wide consensus among scientific organizations and approximately 97 %
of climatologists that
human - generated
greenhouse gas emissions are the cause
of climate change.1 — 4 Although the effects
of climate change are already being felt across the world, the magnitude
of the effects
of future changes depends on our ability to substantially
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and implement adaptation strategies within the ensuing decades.5 Thus, it remains possible to protect children, families, and communities from the worst potential effects
of climate change.
In March 2007, Hansen told the House
of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, «The effect
of the filtering
of climate change science during the current administration has been to make the reality
of climate change less certain than the facts indicate, and to
reduce concern about the relation
of climate change to
human - made
greenhouse gas emissions.»
As recently as June 2011, Romney was telling voters in New Hampshire that «the world's getting warmer,» that «I believe that
humans contribute,» and that «I think it's important for us to
reduce our
emissions of pollutants and
greenhouse gases.»
Of course, if humans started to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 6 % a year right now, the end of the century challenge would be to take 150 billion tonnes from the atmosphere, and most of this could be achieved simply by better forest and agricultural management, according to a new study in the journal Earth System Dynamic
Of course, if
humans started to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 6 % a year right now, the end
of the century challenge would be to take 150 billion tonnes from the atmosphere, and most of this could be achieved simply by better forest and agricultural management, according to a new study in the journal Earth System Dynamic
of the century challenge would be to take 150 billion tonnes from the atmosphere, and most
of this could be achieved simply by better forest and agricultural management, according to a new study in the journal Earth System Dynamic
of this could be achieved simply by better forest and agricultural management, according to a new study in the journal Earth System Dynamics.
Attempts to significantly influence climate impacts based on just controlling CO2 and a few other
greenhouse gases emissions is an inadequate and incomplete policy for this purpose.The goal should be to seek politically and technologically practical ways (with minimal cost and maximum benefit) to
reduce the vulnerability
of the environment and society to the entire spectrum
of human - caused and natural risks including those from climate, but also from all other environmental and social threats.
Instead, carbon removal aims to
reduce historical
human influence on the climate system by decreasing the amount
of excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere — essentially reversing the influence
of anthropogenic
greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions.
We support educating the public and policymakers in government and industry about the harmful
human health effects
of global climate change, and about the immediate and long - term health benefits associated with
reducing greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., heat - trapping pollution) and taking other preventive and protective measures that contribute to sustainability.
We further recognize the need to
reduce the global
emission of greenhouse gases by 80 % by mid-century at the latest, in order to avert the worst impacts
of global warming and to reestablish the more stable climatic conditions that have made
human progress over the last 10,000 years possible.
Most books about climate change focus on some aspect
of the science
of the issue; some deal with issues
of mitigation — that is,
reducing emissions of greenhouse gases — or adaptation — that is, actions to adjust
human behavior or infrastructure to the consequences
of the warming that Earth will experience over the coming decades.
The precise levels
of climate change sufficient to trigger tipping points (critical thresholds) remain uncertain, but the likelihood
of crossing tipping points in the earth system or interlinked
human and natural systems decreases with
reduced greenhouse gas emissions (medium confidence).
A new study looks at the effects
of eating less meat and finds, in a fascinating intersection
of issues, that
reducing meat consumption would improve
human health,
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and decrease healthcare costs significantly.
While the SE4All objectives do not explicitly address climate change, it is clear that sustainable energy is a prerequisite for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions: 80 %
of human carbon dioxide
emissions come from the global energy system, including transportation, buildings, industry, and electricity, heat, and fuel production.
A panel
of the world's leading climate scientists strongly asserted Friday that «it is extremely likely that
human influence has been the dominant cause»
of global warming since 1950 and warned
of more rapid ice melt and rising seas if governments do not aggressively act to
reduce the pace
of greenhouse gas emissions.
Mitigation focuses on
reducing sources
of climate change, such as
greenhouse gas and other
human - causing
emissions, through clean energy, carbon sink, and sequestration projects.
The only way to do that is to
reduce the output
of so - called
greenhouse gasses, caused primarily by carbon dioxide
emissions from industry, automobiles and other
human activities, Horton said.