Sentences with phrase «reduce reflectivity»

Cook explains that the darkening is the result of a melt - induced feedback that polar scientists have long documented: Upon melting and refreezing, ice crystals lose their spiky shape and grow larger and rounder, which can reduce the reflectivity of the snow by as much as 10 %.

But with several factors combining to increase temperatures in Greenland and reduce the reflectivity of the snow and ice cover, the ice sheet is becoming less efficient at reflecting that heat energy, and as a consequence melt seasons are becoming more severe.

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

However, changes in the distribution of snowfall through the year, conceivably linked to increases in sea surface temperature, may have reduced the reflectivity of the glacier and played an even bigger role in forcing the retreat than changes in air temperature alone.

[ANDY REVKIN notes: Keep in mind that surface melting of Greenland snow (and snow on sea ice) also substantially darkens the surface and reduces its reflectivity.]

When black carbon falls on snow and ice, it reduces reflectivity and speeds up melting.

The difference in model vs actual radiative forcing is equal to the reduced reflectivity of the atmosphere of pre-98 and increased reflectivity of post-98.

This reduces reflectivity still further.

For example, the dramatic decline of summer sea ice in the Arctic — a loss of ice cover roughly equal to half the area of the continental United States — exacerbates global warming by reducing the reflectivity of Earth's surface and increasing the amount of heat absorbed.

In short, Lindzen's argument is that the radiative forcing from aerosols is highly uncertain with large error bars, and that they have both cooling (mainly by scattering sunlight and seeding clouds) and warming (mainly by black carbon darkening the Earth's surface and reducing its reflectivity) effects.

These effects are magnified by snow and ice: by reducing snow and ice cover, warming reduces the reflectivity of the ground and allows more solar energy to be absorbed, further increasing the warming; conversely for cooling.»

The company has also increased brightness and reduced reflectivity significantly to make the device even more comfortable to use outdoors and in bright rooms, and it has introduced a new technology called True Tone, which will blow your mind.

Not exact matches

«It does not appear feasible to reduce the weight by so many orders of magnitude and yet maintain the rigidity and reflectivity of the sail's material.»

The research showed that, compared to pure snow and ice, the reflectivity of the glacier (known as the «albedo») can be reduced by up to 80 % in places where coloured microbial populations are extremely dense, leading to the darkening of the glacier surface.

The first ecological study of an entire glacier has found that microbes drastically reduce surface reflectivity and have a non-negligible impact on the amount of sunlight that is reflected into space.

Others have proposed seeding clouds with sea salt in order to make them whiter, thus increasing their reflectivity and so reducing sea surface temperatures.

A substantial portion of the COS improvement in sensitivity is due to an optical design that requires only a single reflection inside the instrument, reducing the losses due to imperfect reflectivity.

As on other tablets with bonded displays — including Barnes & Noble's Nook Tablet, Acer's Iconia Tab A700, Toshiba's Excite 7.7, and Google's Nexus 7 — the process eliminates the pesky air gap that causes greater reflectivity and reduced contrast.

And as on other tablets with bonded displays — including the 7 - inch Kindle Fire HD, the Barnes & Noble Nook HD, the Acer Iconia Tab A700, the Toshiba Excite 7.7, and the Google Nexus 7 — the process eliminates the pesky air gap that causes greater reflectivity and reduced contrast.

The greater the reflectivity of the incoming energy in a band outside of the CO2 acceptance the greater the chance of reducing heat content increases in the lower atmosphere.

Is it not also therefore true that the polar areas of least water vapor, where a greater temperature increase from doubling of Co-2 would have the most effect, has the least W / sq - m percentage of both incoming S - W and outgoing L - W radiation due to the incident angle of incoming Sun light, the high reflectivity of the snow and ice, and the greatly reduced outgoing L - W radiation due to this?

Is it not also therefore true that the polar areas of least water vapor, where a greater temperature increase from doubling of Co-2 would have the most effect, has the least percentage of both incoming S - W and outgoing L - W radiation due to the incident angle of incoming Sun light, the high reflectivity of the snow and ice, and the greatly reduced outgoing L - W radiation due to this?

Further, loss of large areas of ice coverage reduce albedo (reflectivity).

Its warming effect, however, is simultaneously amplified and dampened by positive and negative feedbacks such as increased water vapor (the most powerful greenhouse gas), reduced albedo, which is a measure of Earth's reflectivity, changes in cloud characteristics, and CO2 exchanges with the ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.

Some approaches, like turning biomass into biochar, a charcoal whose carbon resists breakdown, and painting roofs white to increase their reflectivity and reduce air - conditioning demand, are relatively benign, but would have minimal effect on a global scale.

Arctic sea ice decline and its impacts within two climate GCM experiments perturbing sea ice radiation balance: LW (blue line; reducing longwave emissivity of sea ice) and SW (orange line; reducing shortwave reflectivity).

New research shows algae growing on the Greenland ice sheet significantly reduce the ice sheet's surface reflectivity and contribute more to its melting than dust or black carbon.

It is also unsound to treat measures that reduce average temperature by increasing reflectivity as physically equivalent to moderating greenhouse gas concentrations.

But these snow - covered caps are increasingly interrupted by pits like these, whose black mud bottoms of rocky sediment called cryoconite drastically reduces polar surface reflectivity.

Homes continue to be built that are inadequately designed to capture sunlight for heating, inadequately designed to provide shade for cooling, inadequately coated to provide summer reflectivity in order to reduce cooling requirements, inadequately wired to provide for flexible and efficient lighting, and support for alternate power systesms.

In the AM2 - based model, low cloudiness decreases as ocean circulation increases, reinforcing the sea ice changes in reducing the planetary reflectivity, and warming the climate.