Sentences with phrase «reduced as ecosystem»
In their model herbivory is greatest in relatively unproductive environments, with predation more important and the impact of herbivory reduced as ecosystem productivity increases.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/ Not exact matches
Ashwin Alankar of Janus Henderson published his latest article «Brace for Steeper Yield Curves as the Wolves Return,» which highlighted grey wolf's role in maintaining a delicate balance in Yellowstone's ecosystem by keeping population of herbivores in - check, which in - turn reduced risks of overgrazing of young brush and trees in the park.
«Better knowledge will also provide an understanding how pressures such as invasive species, polluted runoff and reduced vegetation cover affect the ongoing health of water - dependent ecosystems in the Basin.
Urban green spaces such as parks, gardens, and urban river networks deliver ecosystem services to cities reducing flood risk, cooling urban micro-climates, and creating recreational spaces.
That hardening, in turn, harms aquatic ecosystems, such as by reducing the diversity of insects (right graph).
The plantations would need to be so large, they would eliminate most natural ecosystems or reduce food production if implemented as a late - regret option in the case of substantial failure to reduce emissions.
In words of Isabel Reche, «saline wetlands are extremely productive ecosystems that act as natural filters by mineralizing organic matter and reducing the load of organic nitrogen they receive.
This type of conclusion raises the possibility of using mathematical models as an early warning system that catastrophic changes in the ecosystem are imminent, enabling appropriate action (such as reduced grazing).»
Often thought of as nature's garbage collectors, the important ecosystem service offered by dung beetle helps recycle nutrients, reduces parasites, and can even help seeds germinate.
«A sense of ourselves as ecological creatures is needed, planning as families and communities to reduce environmental pressure, and maintain and renew ecosystems,» he said.
That new approach could include strategies such as removing or setting back levees in some locations to promote seasonal flooding, strengthening regulations to reduce the discharge of contaminants into waterways, reworking the operations of some dams to facilitate fish passage, and changing federal and state laws to move conservation efforts to a broad, ecosystem - based approach.
A slower melting rate will reduce water availability both for human consumption and for ecosystems that rely on snowmelt, such as the mountains in the western US.
In fact, it's highlighting that they are incredibly important — but there are things that help, so we have to work both on reducing the things that are causing climate changes, plus managing ecosystems to make them as resilient as possible to these changes when they happen,» she said.
Higher plant species richness is not always sufficient to reduce ecosystem vulnerability to climate extremes, as shown in a comprehensive literature analysis published in the Journal of Ecology.
Reducing stressors that exacerbate ocean acidification conditions — Managers can support the resilience of reefs by reducing other stressors that affect marine ecosystems (e.g., declining water quality, coastal pollution, and overfishing of important species and functional groups, such as herReducing stressors that exacerbate ocean acidification conditions — Managers can support the resilience of reefs by reducing other stressors that affect marine ecosystems (e.g., declining water quality, coastal pollution, and overfishing of important species and functional groups, such as herreducing other stressors that affect marine ecosystems (e.g., declining water quality, coastal pollution, and overfishing of important species and functional groups, such as herbivores.
REDD + Offset Working Group (stateredd.org) was established in February 2011 as a result of a Memorandum of Understanding signed in November 2010 as part of a collaborative effort between the Governors of California, Chiapas and Acre to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (known as «REDD +») and create policies to provide economic incentives for forest conservation by placing a value on living forests and their ecosystems.
We will also undermine ecosystem functions (e.g., pollination which is critical for food production) and ecosystem resilience (when losing keystone species in food chains), as well as reduce functional diversity (critical for the ability of ecosystems to respond to shocks and stress) and genetic diversity that plays an important role for development of new medicines, materials, and sources of energy.
Maybe more important than that though is the power of the exclusive content the program generates to drive new readers to the Kindle ecosystem (after all, readers can only buy those titles enrolled in KDP Select from Amazon) or in convincing new members to sign up for Amazon Prime or indeed in convincing existing members of Prime to stay on the package, reducing churn as the industry puts it.
If DRM - free ecosystem improved indie eCommerce retailersâ $ ™ prospects, as you suggest, wouldnâ $ ™ t that have to eat into Kindleâ $ ™ s market share, too, reducing their leverage on publishers?
[7] The maintenance of biodiversity is recognized as a way of generally stabilizing ecosystems and their services through mechanisms such as functional compensation and reduced susceptibility to foreign species invasions.
The analysis predicts that all 29 coral - containing World Heritage sites might cease to exist as functioning coral reef ecosystems by the end of this century if CO2 emissions are not drastically reduced.
Healthy soils are not only essential for the production of food but are a vital part of our global ecosystem, acting as a carbon sink to reduce the impact of climate change.
Examples such as a rise in minimum winter temperatures that allow a new insect species to gain a foothold in a new ecosystem (pine bark beetles in Alaska), or warming that leads to movement upward in altitude of ecosystem zones that end up reducing the area of existing alpine biomes.
The Arctic ecosystem is responding as it has in previous years with reduced ice.
These credits are sold at a fraction of the regulatory market price to buyers concerned about reducing their carbon footprint for reasons other than compliance with the law, as documented in State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2008, published by the Ecosystem Marketplace and New Carbon Finance.
SO2 and other SOx can also cause acid rain, which goes on to harm sensitive ecosystems, and react with other compounds in the atmosphere to form fine particles that reduce visibility (also known as haze).
For policy - makers, the speed of climate change over the coming decades matters as much as the total long - term change, since this rate of change will determine whether human societies and natural ecosystems will be able to adapt fast enough to survive.New results indicate a warming rate of about 2.5 C per century over the coming decades (assuming no attempt is made to reduce GHG emissions).
Its warming effect, however, is simultaneously amplified and dampened by positive and negative feedbacks such as increased water vapor (the most powerful greenhouse gas), reduced albedo, which is a measure of Earth's reflectivity, changes in cloud characteristics, and CO2 exchanges with the ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.
But BECCS is also described as an elephant in the climate mitigation room, criticized both as a false and unproven solution to reduce emissions and for the risks it poses to ecosystems, indigenous peoples and local communities through the potential for land grabbing and human rights abuses.
This increased exposure for CDR approaches, which encompass both biological (e.g. afforestation, ecosystem restoration, land management, biochar, and bio-CCS) and chemical (e.g. direct air capture, enhanced mineral weathering) techniques — is a good thing for the climate change debate: we will likely need to have scalable, sustainable, cost - effective CDR systems as well as ways to reduce our emissions to avoid catastrophic climate change.
Recalling the concern reflected in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled «The future we want», 1 that the health of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen - based compounds, from numerous marine and land - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human health; 1.
Other benefits such as increased water availability, reduced energy demands, and greater ecosystem productivity may also occur in specific regions over the short or long - term.
Health and education outcomes can be best improved through economic development and this results in reduced population pressure, as well as providing resources for agricultural soil conservation and increased organic content, for conservation and restoration of ecosystems and for «water sensitive urban design».
The link between adverse impacts such as more wildfires, ecosystem changes, extreme weather events etc. and their mitigation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions hinges on detecting unusual events for at least the past century and then actually attributing them to human caused warming.
The plantations would need to be so large, they would eliminate most natural ecosystems or reduce food production if implemented as a late - regret option in the case of substantial failure to reduce emissions.
«Climate change should to be tackled by reducing emissions, not by altering ocean ecosystems,» said Dr Paul Johnston, Head of Greenpeace International's Science Unit, «Planktos is intending to conduct this reckless experiment in waters around the Galapagos Islands which are globally significant in biological terms and should be designated as fully protected marine reserves.»
We will also undermine ecosystem functions (e.g., pollination which is critical for food production) and ecosystem resilience (when losing keystone species in food chains), as well as reduce functional diversity (critical for the ability of ecosystems to respond to shocks and stress) and genetic diversity that plays an important role for development of new medicines, materials, and sources of energy.
Minimum tillage with biological nutrient recycling, as opposed to plowing and chemical fertilizers, could sequester 0.4 — 1.2 GtC / year [176] while conserving water in soils, building agricultural resilience to climate change, and increasing productivity especially in smallholder rain - fed agriculture, thereby reducing expansion of agriculture into forested ecosystems [177]--[178].
The provision of financial resources in payment for ecosystem services projects, such as are associated with Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), has the potential to stimulate conflict over resources and property rights (Melick, 2010).
Like other coral reefs, the Great Barrier Reef buffers waves whipped up by tropical storms, acting as an aesthetically stunning breakwater that reduces shoreline erosion and protects waterfront neighborhoods and ecosystems from floods.
Management actions, such as maintenance of genetic diversity, assisted species migration and dispersal, manipulation of disturbance regimes (e.g., fires, floods), and reduction of other stressors, can reduce, but not eliminate, risks of impacts to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems due to climate change, as well as increase the inherent capacity of ecosystems and their species to adapt to a changing climate (high confidence).
In part because, it offers the quickest, most cost - effective way to reduce emissions today rather than tomorrow, but also because it gives people in developing countries an opportunity to develop sustainable lievlihoods by acting as guardians of the ecosystem, as this 26 - minute film from documentary filmmaker Jeffrey Barbee makes clear.
Reinvigorate action to reduce stressors, such as overfishing and pollution, on marine ecosystems to increase resilience to ocean acidification.
Also included was the need to enhance local and regional management practices to identify and reduce the primary drivers of high - carbon coastal system degradation, as well as the requirement to enhance international recognition of coastal carbon ecosystems.
Strengthening oversight over their financial intermediaries» compliance with environmental and social frameworks, as well as gender and energy policy provisions would significantly reduce impacts on ecosystems and society by PFIs;
With funding from UNDP Regional Office, ECOTRUST has established a carbon bank modelled as a revolving fund to reduce unsustainable exploitation of forest resources and the decline of ecosystem quality, while diversifying and increasing incomes for rural farm families.
• reducing the risk of major killers like heart disease, stroke and cancers while cutting exposure to food borne pathogens; • offering a viable answer to feeding the world's hungry, through more efficient use of grains and other crops; • saving animals from suffering in factory farm conditions and from painful slaughter; • conserving vital, but limited freshwater, fertile topsoil and other precious resources; • preserving irreplaceable ecosystems, such as rainforests and other wildlife habitats; • mitigating the ever - expanding environmental pollution of animal agriculture; and the list goes on.
Ecosystem changes to pastoral lands, such as a shift from grass to woodland savannas as levels of carbon dioxide increase, could reduce food for grazing cattle.
Because much of the cost will be realized after the emissions occur, the funds would have to be invested in order to produce resources in the future to compensate or make the best of conditions then; this can be investment in infrastructure (aquaducts and flood water management planning) and such things as R&D for drought / flood resistant crops, efforts to save ecosystems (those parts that will survive the climate change, or otherwise planting trees, etc, where they will do well in the future, or otherwise reducing other stresses so that ecosystems will be more resilient to climate change)(remember that ecosystems provide us with ecosystem services), etc, and / or investment in the economy in general so that more resources will be available in the future to compensate for losses and pay for adaptation.
In fact, climate change alone could affect migration considerably through the consequences of warming and drying, such as reduced agricultural potential, increased desertification and water scarcity, and other weakened ecosystem services, as well as through sea level rise damaging and permanently inundating highly productive and densely populated coastal lowlands and cities [165,166,167,168].