Sentences with phrase «reduced at higher temperatures»

In tropical ecosystems carbon uptake is reduced at higher temperatures.

Cocoa - aroma related compounds performance were maximised at above 212 °F (100 °C), but these flavour properties were reduced at a higher temperature of 338 °F.

Not exact matches

Ferreira's previous research found that beer marinades effectively reduce levels of another group of carcinogens called heterocyclic amines (HCAs), which form when amino acids, sugars, and creatine in meats react at high temperatures.

Hi Becky — I do cook it at the higher temperature for the rest of the time, but if it's getting too brown you could reduce the temperature and / or cover the quiche.

It's also Known that marinades can reduce cancer causing carcinogens by 88 %, this substance forms on meats cooked at high temperatures.

The high temperature from the hot oil helps to extract most of the distinct flavor from the garlic and at the same time reduces its sharpness.

Product impact is also reduced even when operating at high speeds and product movement is maintained despite challenging wet environments and cold temperatures that are typical for frozen food manufacturers.

Some of the other oils in MELT Organic are more sensitive to high heat and can oxidize at high temperatures, potentially reducing the benefits from their antioxidants.

Using an alternative electrolyte that is more stable at higher temperatures could help reduce fires in large lithium - ion batteries such as those used in the aircraft.

Although BFRs reduce the risk of electrical fires and PVC makes plastic more pliable, the former produces brominated dioxins and furans that can irritate the skin and respiratory system when heated at high temperatures and the latter often contains toxic phthalate plasticizers, suspected to be a carcinogen.

He notes that the technology still has a ways to go to reduce efficiency losses that come from operating a battery at high temperatures.

At high temperatures, however, the atoms become mobile and fly together into clumps, which reduces the catalyst's efficiency and negatively impacts its performance.

A third study of simulations by Som and Argonne postdoctoral researcher Pinaki Pal, identifies the conditions at which new fuel formulations can thrive under low temperature combustion, leading to reduced emissions and higher efficiency.

The ability to operate turbine blades at higher temperatures improves efficiency and reduces energy costs.

The greater material costs that such high - temperature operation entails encouraged Topsoe to use a thick anode instead, allowing it to scale down the electrolyte thickness and consequently reduce its resistance, allowing the cell to operate effectively at 750 °C, says Holm - Larsen.

Their research further reveals that another organic abiotic compound is formed during the vent circulation process at adjacent lower temperature, higher pH vents, but reaction rates are too slow to completely reduce the carbon all the way to methane.

At high temperatures, however, the atoms become mobile and fly together into clumps, which reduces catalyst efficiency and performance.

With higher precipitation, portions of this snow may not melt during the summer and so glacial ice can form at lower altitudes and more southerly latitudes, reducing the temperatures over land by increased albedo as noted above.

Microwaves cook at lower temperatures for shorter times which, especially for high fat content foods such as nut flours, can reduce the oxidation of the fatty acids.

Water naturally boils at a lower temperature in the mountains (190 °F / 88 °C) than at the beach (212 °F / 100 °C) due to the reduced air pressure at high elevations.

Frying and baking potatoes at high temperatures for a long time could result in the most acrylamide, but those levels may be reduced when potatoes are boiled first or treated with antioxidant solutions.

• The greenhouse will help to reduce rainfall in some areas of the planet causing them to occur at higher temperatures and higher evaporation.

It's full of clever stuff, such as a water - cooled exhaust manifold to reduce exhaust temperatures and cut down on the need for extra doses of fuel at high loads to keep things cool and detonation - free.

Among the powertrain developments are larger turbochargers with water - to - water intercoolers to reduce the exhaust gas temperature at high revs for improved combustion efficiency and extra top - end power.

The engine also uses a cooled exhaust gas recirculation valve, which Mazda says reduces the need for injecting additional fuel at higher engine temperatures.

The Police Interceptor is equipped with an external oil - to - engine - coolant oil cooler to reduce engine oil temperatures, allowing the vehicles to operate at high rpm / high loads for an extended period of time without the risk of engine oil overheating and subsequent engine damage.

At high temperatures the side reactions in a battery such as gassing are increased; this means that the battery will be quicker to self - discharge and will have a reduced lifetime.

The temperatures at the tops of high clouds are much colder than the surface, and thus reduce the energy loss of the planet better than low clouds (which emit at temperatures rather close to that of the surface).

AT sufficiently short wavelengths, the temperature of the upper atmosphere and near TOA would have to be a sizable fraction of the surface temperature in order for the Planck function for higher levels to be a small fraction of the that at the surface (example: at 5 microns, relative to T = 250 K and the Planck function at 250 K, a 20 % reduction in temperature reduces the Planck function by about 94.4 %AT sufficiently short wavelengths, the temperature of the upper atmosphere and near TOA would have to be a sizable fraction of the surface temperature in order for the Planck function for higher levels to be a small fraction of the that at the surface (example: at 5 microns, relative to T = 250 K and the Planck function at 250 K, a 20 % reduction in temperature reduces the Planck function by about 94.4 %at the surface (example: at 5 microns, relative to T = 250 K and the Planck function at 250 K, a 20 % reduction in temperature reduces the Planck function by about 94.4 %at 5 microns, relative to T = 250 K and the Planck function at 250 K, a 20 % reduction in temperature reduces the Planck function by about 94.4 %at 250 K, a 20 % reduction in temperature reduces the Planck function by about 94.4 %).

(57j) For surface + tropospheric warming in general, there is (given a cold enough start) positive surface albedo feedback, that is concentrated at higher latitudes and in some seasons (though the temperature response to reduced summer sea ice cover tends to be realized more in winter when there is more heat that must be released before ice forms).

-- The Equator - to - pole temperature gradient (Paleocene - Eocene) was much reduced compared to today, therefore the frost - free zone (a limiting factor for the rainforest) existed at higher latitudes than today.

Atmospheric back radiation in no way reduces the ocean's ability to radiate or conduct its own energy which is at a higher temperature and energy state.

The increased summer temperatures in Europe in HadAM3a were caused by reduced cloud cover at higher resolution (Jones 1999) and warming and drying, in summer, was seen over all extra-tropical continents (Stratton, 1999b).

But if we can continue to reduce NOx — by targeting industrial emissions and improving agricultural efficiencies — then at some point the effect of temperature won't matter, because high O3 levels can not occur in the absence of substantial NOx concentrations.

One of the proofs was that LA was hit with the worst drought in at least 1,200 years in 2014, triggered by high temperatures and reduced rainfall linked to the change of climate and weather patterns.

When CO2 molecules (or any other GHGs) absorb more energy than those around them their higher temperature increases the spaces between them and adjoining molecules reducing density and causing them to rise until they reach a height where they are at the same temperature as surrounding molecules.

Springtime cold air outbreaks (at least two consecutive days during which the daily average surface air temperature is below 95 % of the simulated average wintertime surface air temperature) are projected to continue to occur throughout this century.19 As a result, increased productivity of some crops due to higher temperatures, longer growing seasons, and elevated CO2 concentrations could be offset by increased freeze damage.20 Heat waves during pollination of field crops such as corn and soybean also reduce yields (Figure 18.3).4 Wetter springs may reduce crop yields and profits, 21 especially if growers are forced to switch to late - planted, shorter - season varieties.

Hi Dave, «I have seen no mitigation plan that stands a snowball's chance in hell of actually lowering global average temperature enough to mitigate the problem so the best course of action is to keep your powder dry until you have something specific to aim at that you know you can kill i.e. adapt to higher temperature instead of trying to reduce it.»

Near - surface permafrost at high northern latitudes will be reduced as the global mean surface temperature increases.

At the moment, Lindzen is pursuing a theory that says increased amounts of water vapor — from warming surface temperatures — will reduce heat - trapping high - cirrus clouds, which will help balance the planet's temperature.

Moreover, CDR techniques can affect temperatures via SRM mechanisms too: afforestation — at least in higher latitudes — reduces albedo, producing offsetting warming, while OIF releases dimethyl sulphides which could have a significant impact on temperatures by reflecting incoming sunlight (analogous to, if more short - lived, than the effect of sulphates in the stratosphere).

Scientists already know how climate change is impacting the Western United States — higher temperatures have translated to earlier spring snow melts, precipitation is falling more as rain instead of snow at higher elevations and there's reduced runoff and streamflow.

Reducing CO2 emissions to zero as rapidly as possible is the only thing we KNOW that we can do; and only after that will the planet eventually be able to arrive at some new, higher, equilibrium temperature and stable climate — which climate, hopefully, will still be a livable one.

Preliminary investigations suggest that these biases are related to the fact that the model has persistent high thin clouds that reduces incoming solar radiation at the surface forcing an artificially low land skin temperature.

Nordhaus found that while such a plan would indeed reduce the maximum increase in global temperatures to between 1.3 and 1.6 degrees Celsius, it did so «at very high cost» of between $ 17 trillion and $ 22 trillion over the long term, as opposed to doing nothing.

Could it be that the ocean has maintained surface temperatures at a high level these last seven years because it is dissipating heat it gained while the sun was very active and cloud albedo was reduced in the later C20th?

This evidence of reduced resistance to bleaching in 2004 in corals at Butaritari supports previous short - term manipulative experiments and long - term observational studies which found that higher background temperature variability or previous exposure to heat stress conferred bleaching resistance [15], [33]--[37].

Reduced sensitivity of recent tree growth to temperature at high northern latitudes.

«Climate science» as it is used by warmists implies adherence to a set of beliefs: (1) Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations will warm the Earth's surface and atmosphere; (2) Human production of CO2 is producing significant increases in CO2 concentration; (3) The rate of rise of temperature in the 20th and 21st centuries is unprecedented compared to the rates of change of temperature in the previous two millennia and this can only be due to rising greenhouse gas concentrations; (4) The climate of the 19th century was ideal and may be taken as a standard to compare against any current climate; (5) global climate models, while still not perfect, are good enough to indicate that continued use of fossil fuels at projected rates in the 21st century will cause the CO2 concentration to rise to a high level by 2100 (possibly 700 to 900 ppm); (6) The global average temperature under this condition will rise more than 3 °C from the late 19th century ideal; (7) The negative impact on humanity of such a rise will be enormous; (8) The only alternative to such a disaster is to immediately and sharply reduce CO2 emissions (reducing emissions in 2050 by 80 % compared to today's rate) and continue further reductions after 2050; (9) Even with such draconian CO2 reductions, the CO2 concentration is likely to reach at least 450 to 500 ppm by 2100 resulting in significant damage to humanity; (10) Such reductions in CO2 emissions are technically feasible and economically affordable while providing adequate energy to a growing world population that is increasingly industrializing.

Figure 22.5: Projections for average annual ground temperature at a depth of 3.3 feet over time if emissions of heat - trapping gases continue to grow (higher emissions scenario, A2), and if they are substantially reduced (lower emissions scenario, B1).