The significantly higher protein
content was modestly offset by slightly more calories in the control phase, which
reduces the amount of protein required to maintain
nitrogen balance.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 is associated with decreased plant
nitrogen concentration, and therefore decreased protein, in many crops, such as barley, sorghum, and soy.210, 211,212,213 The nutrient
content of crops is also projected to decline if soil
nitrogen levels are suboptimal, with
reduced levels of nutrients such as calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins, and sugars, although this effect is alleviated if sufficient
nitrogen is supplied.214 Fourth, farmers are expected to need to use more herbicides and pesticides because of increased growth of pests215, 216,217,218 and weeds219, 220 as well as decreased effectiveness221 and duration222of some of these chemicals (Ch.