Sentences with phrase «reduction in the intervention group»

This reduction, however, would be modest compared with the reduction in the intervention group.

A reduction in the intervention group social dysfunction subscale was also observed at the immediate follow up.

Not exact matches

The slope inequality index (SII) of discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding before 3 months was − 0.12 (95 % CI: − 0.16, − 0.08) in the intervention, indicating a 12 % absolute risk reduction from the lowest to the highest education categories, compared with a 3 % reduction in the corresponding absolute risk reduction (SII: − 0.03, 95 % CI: − 0.06, 0.01) in the control group.

Clustering - adjusted relative inequality index (RII) of discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding before 3 months was 0.80 (95 % CI: 0.74, 0.87) in the intervention group, indicating a 20 % relative risk reduction across the entire distribution of maternal education.

Writing in a linked Comment, Professor Stephen R. Lord, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia, says: «The finding of a 42 % reduction in falls is in line with the most effective fall preventions that have assessed more traditional group - based and homed - based exercise interventions in older people and well above the average reduction of 17 % for exercise interventions reported in systematic reviews.

While the study found that the breastfeeding promotion intervention provided protection against eczema there was no reduction in risk of asthma with 1.5 % of the intervention group (108/7064) reporting asthma symptoms compared with 1.7 % (110/6493) in the control group.

Interestingly, breast cancer patients in the intervention group who were open to the idea that stress reduction could make a difference and who practiced progressive muscle relaxation techniques daily had the greatest reductions in distress and physical symptoms.

The result: That one year of therapy and stress reduction (weekly sessions for four months and monthly sessions for eight months) was linked to improved survival 11 years later in the intervention group, the researchers write in the December 15 issue of Cancer, an American Cancer Society journal.

«These groups can now make a strong cost - benefit argument for inexpensive exposure reduction interventions, such as shade structures, hats and loose clothing, sunscreen, and shift scheduling to reduce the amount of time workers spend in the sun,» he said.

Studies in rodents have additionally described post-treatment elevations in the rate of fatty acid oxidation within both the liver and skeletal muscle of mice maintained on IER (100 % ER / alternate days).13 In a comparison of CER (40 % ER / day) and IER (100 % ER / alternate days), the authors of this 20 - week study noted a doubling in the Î ² - hydroxybutyrate levels (a marker of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) in IER - fed mice which was not present in the CER group.15 Both IER and CER interventions led to comparable reductions in fasting levels of glucose and insuliin rodents have additionally described post-treatment elevations in the rate of fatty acid oxidation within both the liver and skeletal muscle of mice maintained on IER (100 % ER / alternate days).13 In a comparison of CER (40 % ER / day) and IER (100 % ER / alternate days), the authors of this 20 - week study noted a doubling in the Î ² - hydroxybutyrate levels (a marker of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) in IER - fed mice which was not present in the CER group.15 Both IER and CER interventions led to comparable reductions in fasting levels of glucose and insuliin the rate of fatty acid oxidation within both the liver and skeletal muscle of mice maintained on IER (100 % ER / alternate days).13 In a comparison of CER (40 % ER / day) and IER (100 % ER / alternate days), the authors of this 20 - week study noted a doubling in the Î ² - hydroxybutyrate levels (a marker of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) in IER - fed mice which was not present in the CER group.15 Both IER and CER interventions led to comparable reductions in fasting levels of glucose and insuliIn a comparison of CER (40 % ER / day) and IER (100 % ER / alternate days), the authors of this 20 - week study noted a doubling in the Î ² - hydroxybutyrate levels (a marker of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) in IER - fed mice which was not present in the CER group.15 Both IER and CER interventions led to comparable reductions in fasting levels of glucose and insuliin the Î ² - hydroxybutyrate levels (a marker of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) in IER - fed mice which was not present in the CER group.15 Both IER and CER interventions led to comparable reductions in fasting levels of glucose and insuliin IER - fed mice which was not present in the CER group.15 Both IER and CER interventions led to comparable reductions in fasting levels of glucose and insuliin the CER group.15 Both IER and CER interventions led to comparable reductions in fasting levels of glucose and insuliin fasting levels of glucose and insulin.

The reduction in cholesterol for those in the intervention group is not surprising, given the foods they consumed.

Seven people in the intervention group were living with type 2 diabetes, all of which experienced a reduction in A1c values (a marker of 3 - month average blood glucose), and half of them discontinued all medications.

Remarkably, in less than five years, the two intervention groups achieved a 30 percent relative risk reduction for cardiovascular disease, and stroke reduction was an impressive 49 percent.

During the 12 - week treatment, the intervention group showed greater reductions in blood glucose levels and a quicker drop in fasting glucose levels than the control group.

Studies of plant - based diets have shown, for example, 90 percent reductions in angina attacks within just a few weeks, and plant - based diet intervention groups have reported improved digestion, increased energy, and better sleep, and significant improvement in their physical functioning, general health, vitality, and mental health.

After randomly assigning them to CCBT or the waitlist control, it was found that there were significantly greater reductions in Children's Depression Rating Scale and Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale scores from baseline to week 5 for the intervention group compared with those who waited.

Results of generalized estimation equation analyses indicate that adolescents in the HIV risk - reduction group were less likely to report having had sexual intercourse in the past 3 months during follow - up (OR, 0.66; 95 % CI, 0.46 - 0.96) than were those in the health - promotion intervention.

In this direction, some recent studies investigated that children and adolescents who attended educational programs focused on the promotion of self - efficacy in life skills reduced the onset of at - risk and maladaptive behaviors (Griffin et al., 2003; Botvin & Griffin, 2004; Yankah & Aggleton, 2008; Menrath et al., 2012; Jegannathan, Dahlblom, & Kullgren, 2014): it was possible to observe a significant and positive effect for the reduction of health - risk behaviors in the intervention group, compared to control group (see Menrath et al., 2012), confirming the efficacy of school - based on life skills programIn this direction, some recent studies investigated that children and adolescents who attended educational programs focused on the promotion of self - efficacy in life skills reduced the onset of at - risk and maladaptive behaviors (Griffin et al., 2003; Botvin & Griffin, 2004; Yankah & Aggleton, 2008; Menrath et al., 2012; Jegannathan, Dahlblom, & Kullgren, 2014): it was possible to observe a significant and positive effect for the reduction of health - risk behaviors in the intervention group, compared to control group (see Menrath et al., 2012), confirming the efficacy of school - based on life skills programin life skills reduced the onset of at - risk and maladaptive behaviors (Griffin et al., 2003; Botvin & Griffin, 2004; Yankah & Aggleton, 2008; Menrath et al., 2012; Jegannathan, Dahlblom, & Kullgren, 2014): it was possible to observe a significant and positive effect for the reduction of health - risk behaviors in the intervention group, compared to control group (see Menrath et al., 2012), confirming the efficacy of school - based on life skills programin the intervention group, compared to control group (see Menrath et al., 2012), confirming the efficacy of school - based on life skills programs.

A standardised mean difference of 0 indicates that both groups had similar improvements; effects of − 0.5 or − 1 indicate that 69 % or 84 % of patients in the intervention group, respectively, had greater reductions on depression scores than the average patient in the control group.

Evidence is also becoming available about Parents Anonymous, © which has recently undergone a long - term single - group evaluation indicating significant reductions in the risks associated with child maltreatment.64 Circle of Parents, © another well - known support group intervention, is beginning to develop an evidentiary base (although the research conducted so far would not yet lift this program into the group generally known as «promising practices»).65

Regarding maternal weight, we assumed a weight reduction of 8.4 kg (SD: 5.5) between study enrolment at 24 — 32 GA, after GDM diagnosis and 1 year postpartum in women allocated to the control group compared with a weight reduction of 10.9 kg (SD: 5.5) in women allocated to the intervention group.

Objective This study investigated the feasibility of a novel blended (face - to - face and computer - based) group intervention for the reduction of depressive symptoms in major depression.

In the Elmira demonstration, intervention mothers were less likely to punish or physically restrain their children than mothers in the control group.62 Among home - visited families who participated in Early Start, less punitive parenting was observed, though the effect was modest.63 Several other programs have identified reductions in the frequency with which mothers spanked their children at thirty - six months, including Healthy Families San Diego, 64 Early Head Start, 65 and IHDP.66 No effects on harsh parenting were found in the CCDP.In the Elmira demonstration, intervention mothers were less likely to punish or physically restrain their children than mothers in the control group.62 Among home - visited families who participated in Early Start, less punitive parenting was observed, though the effect was modest.63 Several other programs have identified reductions in the frequency with which mothers spanked their children at thirty - six months, including Healthy Families San Diego, 64 Early Head Start, 65 and IHDP.66 No effects on harsh parenting were found in the CCDP.in the control group.62 Among home - visited families who participated in Early Start, less punitive parenting was observed, though the effect was modest.63 Several other programs have identified reductions in the frequency with which mothers spanked their children at thirty - six months, including Healthy Families San Diego, 64 Early Head Start, 65 and IHDP.66 No effects on harsh parenting were found in the CCDP.in Early Start, less punitive parenting was observed, though the effect was modest.63 Several other programs have identified reductions in the frequency with which mothers spanked their children at thirty - six months, including Healthy Families San Diego, 64 Early Head Start, 65 and IHDP.66 No effects on harsh parenting were found in the CCDP.in the frequency with which mothers spanked their children at thirty - six months, including Healthy Families San Diego, 64 Early Head Start, 65 and IHDP.66 No effects on harsh parenting were found in the CCDP.in the CCDP.67

There were significant reductions in distress and depression in the intervention group compared with control groups at post-treatment and follow - up.

This sample size is also sufficient to observe statistical significant differences in the reduction in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression symptoms score, if we assume that the reduction in depression symptoms score between the above - mentioned two time points is 0.2 (SD: 4.3) in women allocated to the control group and 2.2 (SD: 4.4) in women allocated to the intervention group.

One evaluation conducted in Queensland, Australia, reported moderate reductions in depressive symptoms for mothers in the intervention group at the six - week follow - up.89 A subsequent follow - up, however, suggested that these benefits were not long lasting, as the depression effects had diminished by one year.90 Similarly, Healthy Families San Diego identified reductions in depression symptoms among program mothers during the first two years, but these effects, too, had diminished by year three.91 In Healthy Families New York, mothers at one site (that was supervised by a clinical psychologist) had lower rates of depression at one year (23 percent treatment vs. 38 percent controls).92 The Infant Health and Development program also demonstrated decreases in depressive symptoms after one year of home visiting, as well as at the conclusion of the program at three years.93 Among Early Head Start families, maternal depressive symptoms remained stable for the program group during the study and immediately after it ended, but decreased just before their children entered kindergarten.94 No program effects were found for maternal depression in the Nurse - Family Partnership, Hawaii Healthy Start, Healthy Families Alaska, or Early Start programin Queensland, Australia, reported moderate reductions in depressive symptoms for mothers in the intervention group at the six - week follow - up.89 A subsequent follow - up, however, suggested that these benefits were not long lasting, as the depression effects had diminished by one year.90 Similarly, Healthy Families San Diego identified reductions in depression symptoms among program mothers during the first two years, but these effects, too, had diminished by year three.91 In Healthy Families New York, mothers at one site (that was supervised by a clinical psychologist) had lower rates of depression at one year (23 percent treatment vs. 38 percent controls).92 The Infant Health and Development program also demonstrated decreases in depressive symptoms after one year of home visiting, as well as at the conclusion of the program at three years.93 Among Early Head Start families, maternal depressive symptoms remained stable for the program group during the study and immediately after it ended, but decreased just before their children entered kindergarten.94 No program effects were found for maternal depression in the Nurse - Family Partnership, Hawaii Healthy Start, Healthy Families Alaska, or Early Start programin depressive symptoms for mothers in the intervention group at the six - week follow - up.89 A subsequent follow - up, however, suggested that these benefits were not long lasting, as the depression effects had diminished by one year.90 Similarly, Healthy Families San Diego identified reductions in depression symptoms among program mothers during the first two years, but these effects, too, had diminished by year three.91 In Healthy Families New York, mothers at one site (that was supervised by a clinical psychologist) had lower rates of depression at one year (23 percent treatment vs. 38 percent controls).92 The Infant Health and Development program also demonstrated decreases in depressive symptoms after one year of home visiting, as well as at the conclusion of the program at three years.93 Among Early Head Start families, maternal depressive symptoms remained stable for the program group during the study and immediately after it ended, but decreased just before their children entered kindergarten.94 No program effects were found for maternal depression in the Nurse - Family Partnership, Hawaii Healthy Start, Healthy Families Alaska, or Early Start programin the intervention group at the six - week follow - up.89 A subsequent follow - up, however, suggested that these benefits were not long lasting, as the depression effects had diminished by one year.90 Similarly, Healthy Families San Diego identified reductions in depression symptoms among program mothers during the first two years, but these effects, too, had diminished by year three.91 In Healthy Families New York, mothers at one site (that was supervised by a clinical psychologist) had lower rates of depression at one year (23 percent treatment vs. 38 percent controls).92 The Infant Health and Development program also demonstrated decreases in depressive symptoms after one year of home visiting, as well as at the conclusion of the program at three years.93 Among Early Head Start families, maternal depressive symptoms remained stable for the program group during the study and immediately after it ended, but decreased just before their children entered kindergarten.94 No program effects were found for maternal depression in the Nurse - Family Partnership, Hawaii Healthy Start, Healthy Families Alaska, or Early Start programin depression symptoms among program mothers during the first two years, but these effects, too, had diminished by year three.91 In Healthy Families New York, mothers at one site (that was supervised by a clinical psychologist) had lower rates of depression at one year (23 percent treatment vs. 38 percent controls).92 The Infant Health and Development program also demonstrated decreases in depressive symptoms after one year of home visiting, as well as at the conclusion of the program at three years.93 Among Early Head Start families, maternal depressive symptoms remained stable for the program group during the study and immediately after it ended, but decreased just before their children entered kindergarten.94 No program effects were found for maternal depression in the Nurse - Family Partnership, Hawaii Healthy Start, Healthy Families Alaska, or Early Start programIn Healthy Families New York, mothers at one site (that was supervised by a clinical psychologist) had lower rates of depression at one year (23 percent treatment vs. 38 percent controls).92 The Infant Health and Development program also demonstrated decreases in depressive symptoms after one year of home visiting, as well as at the conclusion of the program at three years.93 Among Early Head Start families, maternal depressive symptoms remained stable for the program group during the study and immediately after it ended, but decreased just before their children entered kindergarten.94 No program effects were found for maternal depression in the Nurse - Family Partnership, Hawaii Healthy Start, Healthy Families Alaska, or Early Start programin depressive symptoms after one year of home visiting, as well as at the conclusion of the program at three years.93 Among Early Head Start families, maternal depressive symptoms remained stable for the program group during the study and immediately after it ended, but decreased just before their children entered kindergarten.94 No program effects were found for maternal depression in the Nurse - Family Partnership, Hawaii Healthy Start, Healthy Families Alaska, or Early Start programin the Nurse - Family Partnership, Hawaii Healthy Start, Healthy Families Alaska, or Early Start programs.

However, for both child abuse and parent stress, the average effect sizes were not different from zero, suggesting a lack of evidence for effects in these areas.108 Earlier meta - analytic reviews have also noted the lack of sizable effects in preventing child maltreatment — again citing the different intensity of surveillance of families in the treatment versus control groups as an explanation (though the authors did report that home visiting was associated with an approximately 25 percent reduction in the rate of childhood injuries).109 Another review focusing on the quality of the home environment also found evidence for a significant overall effect of home - visiting programs.110 More recently, Harriet MacMillan and colleagues published a review of interventions to prevent child maltreatment, and identified the Nurse - Family Partnership and Early Start programs as the most effective with regard to preventing maltreatment and childhood injuries.

To detect a reduction of 0.3 standard deviation units in the mean score for the primary outcomes with 80 % power at the two sided significance level of 0.05, 175 children would be needed for each of the intervention and control groups.

Accordingly, in the present 3 - celled randomized, longitudinal study, we sought to determine whether the addition of a parental monitoring intervention alone or with boosters could enhance (either broaden or sustain or both) the effect of small - group, face - to - face adolescent risk reduction intervention.

Several interventions have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing the prevalence of behaviors that place adolescents at risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).1 — 6 These programs have in common a small - group and face - to - face method of delivery, an emphasis on skills development referent to decision making, communication, negotiation and condom use, use of a wide variety of instructional formats and approaches to intervention delivery, and grounding in social learning theory.2 — 6 Despite the encouraging results that accompany these studies with reference to adolescent risk reduction, new challenges have emerged.

The possible effects of a booster in addition to a «basic» program were explored in the original evaluation of Focus on Kids (FOK), 1 such small group, face - to - face HIV adolescent risk - reduction intervention.

Twice as many of the intervention group maintained a reduction in depressive symptoms at six month follow - up.

ST is compatible with the models frequently used in sex offender intervention and the inclusion of a ST based formulation within a group setting allows for a more comprehensive and idiosyncratic understanding of risk, facilitating greater opportunity for psychological change and reduction of risk of re-offending.

Results at 12 - year follow - up indicated that there were significant reductions in physical aggression observed among girls in the intervention group at 2 years old and intervention group children of high - psychological - resource mothers at 6 and 12 years old.

Subjects in both intervention groups showed significant improvements in their conduct and reductions in their use of illicit drugs from pretreatment to posttreatment, and these results were maintained at 6 - month follow - up.

To detect a reduction of 0.3 SD units in the mean score for the primary outcome with 80 % power at the two - sided significance level of 0.05, 175 children were required for each of the intervention and control groups.

Results indicated that participants in the intervention group experienced a reduction in serious crimes during the year of treatment, and both groups demonstrated reduced rates of offending during the follow - up years.

Results indicate that mothers and fathers from the intervention preschool group reported significant reductions in dysfunctional parenting behavior.

Contrary to the predictions, results indicated no significant reduction in the incidence of depressive and anxiety disorders, and total difficulties at the post-test and follow - up for both intervention groups, the training only as well as the training and coaching groups.

Teachers in the treatment group reported little change in social competencies, while teachers in the control group reported declines in social competency, indicating a reduction of 31 percent in the likelihood of physical bullying perpetration in the intervention group relative to the control group.

Classrooms in the intervention group had significantly higher improvement in positive climate and significant reductions in negative climate, compared with the control group classrooms.

Parents in the intervention group showed significant improvements in parental stress scores, significant reductions in depression, and significant improvements in rating on the parenting scale, compared with control parents.

Intervention group children also reported significantly greater reductions in video game use than controls.

The intervention group showed less child physical aggression, a reduction in substance use initiation; and although the entire sample showed significant mean increases in substance use growth over time, the intervention slowed down the rate.

Following a CBT intervention adolescents with ASD (versus a wait - list control group) showed greater reductions in anxiety symptoms, school anxiety and social worry, as reported by parents, teachers and young people themselves, and these results were maintained at a 6 week follow - up.

Based on this more conservative 33 % target reduction in the numbers of self harm episodes between developmental group psychotherapy intervention and control, 312 cases (a 370 target allowing for 15 % case attrition) were estimated to be necessary to achieve 80 % power to detect this difference at the 5 % level of significance with a Mann - Whitney (two sided) test for categorical data.

Our pilot study25 suggested that a 50 % reduction in the frequency of self harm was possible as a result of the developmental group psychotherapy intervention.