Sentences with phrase «reference sequence of»

The Release 6 reference sequence of the Drosophila melanogaster genome.

«The historic effort to produce a reference sequence of the human genome was successfully completed in April 2003.

Using the coordinate mappings of the 5 ′ and 3 ′ adjacent chain - blocks of each chain - gap, the non-aligning reference sequence of a chain - gap is inserted into the query genome at the corresponding position, where placed gaps are oriented relative to the genome they are placed in.

Ten years ago, the International Barley Genome Sequencing Consortium, which is led by Nils Stein of the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research in Germany, set out to assemble a complete reference sequence of the barley genome.

«As the first reference sequence of the sunflower genome, it's quite the accomplishment,» said paper co-author John M. Burke, professor of plant biology and member of the UGA Plant Center.

These important updates will now be incorporated into the reference sequence of the human X for use by the greater scientific community.

Not exact matches

The movement from Nazareth to Galilee is followed by one from Galilee to Jerusalem; and in his sequel, the Acts of the Apostles, the Evangelist will continue the progress to Rome itself again, if the writer of the Fourth Gospel radically departs from the topographical scheme of his predecessors, his whole presentation is dominated by references to an hour «that is not yet come», but which controls and directs by its ever hastening approach the sequence of events he sets forth.

The second is slightly more friendly to non-science trained people but may still require some referencing of other sources to understand various details (e.g. the difference between mitochondrial and nuclear genetic sequencing).

Only the succession of causally unrelated event, what Hans Reichenbach called «unreal sequences» (PST 147 - 49) can by an appropriate choice of the frame of reference be reduced to apparent simultaneity or even inverted; but the real concrete causal links — the «world - lines,» in the language of relativity — are objectively irreversible since the order of succession of the events of which they consist remains the same in every frame of reference.

The Senate President, Bukola Saraki, while declaring open a public hearing on the bill seeking to establish the National Electoral Offences Commission on Monday, made reference to the controversy generated by the recent amendment to Section 25 of the Electoral Act, which seeks to re-order the sequence of polls during the general elections.

One skeleton from Denmark (Jorgen 625) showed extraordinary preservation of the pathogen DNA, allowing a genome reconstruction without using a modern reference sequence, which was never done before for an ancient organism's genome.

Kary Mullis [winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize for DNA sequencing, and well known for his unconventional scientific views] said in an interview that he went looking for a reference substantiating that HIV causes AIDS and discovered, «There is no such document.»

Incompatibility between the two software packages used caused some variants that the Ethiopian man shared with Europeans (whose DNA forms a large chunk of the human reference sequence) to be removed from the analysis.

Software lines them up based on overlapping stretches of code and comparisons with previously sequenced reference genomes.

Geneticist Robert Fleischer and historian Alain Touwaide of the Smithsonian Institution identified the remedies by comparing DNA sequences against a reference genetics database.

«Instead, sections of the sequenced genome are mapped to a reference genome.

To use CallHap, researchers must first obtain a reference genome sequence for their target species, either from previously published work or by sequencing the DNA of a single plant.

A reference genome of M. acuminata was completed by Angélique D'Hont's group at the CIRAD French research institute and the French National Sequencing Center in 2012.

Next, they should sequence the chloroplasts of a few plants individually and align them to the reference genome to create the basic database used by the program.

Graduate student Nancy Chen, a population genetics fellow now at the University of California, Davis, started by sequencing the full genome of a reference scrub jay, and then assessed the genetic differences of all 3800 individual birds followed by the Florida group.

We analyzed 7.2 terabases of metagenomic data from 243 Tara Oceans samples from 68 locations in epipelagic and mesopelagic waters across the globe to generate an ocean microbial reference gene catalog with > 40 million nonredundant, mostly novel sequences from viruses, prokaryotes, and picoeukaryotes.

An international study coordinated by researchers from IRD, the CEA (Genoscope), CIRAD, the CNRS, and the University of Buffalo (United States), and involving many laboratories, helped identify a reference genome sequence for coffee trees for the first time.

Providing the key geo - logical concepts of context and sequence, without which the animals were so many cherries without a cake, the scheme is well explained by Peter Doyle and Eric Robinson's complementary (and, by Sod's law, near - simultaneous) article (Proceedings of the Geologists» Association, vol 104, pp 181 - 194) which gives much fuller references than the book's skimpy listing (see also vol 106, pp 71 - 78).

For this reason, their finding — that nearly half of the unmapped sequences contained in available genomic reference libraries, including many protein - coding genes, were located in the centromeres — was unexpected.

Using SHIMS, the lab greatly improved the human X reference sequence, accurately assembling three large amplicons, identifying previously unknown palindromes, and ultimately shortening the entire length of the sequence by eliminating four major gaps.

The millions of base pairs of sequence that Genovese and McCarroll's team have located will be added to the next release of the reference human genome assembly — the «Google maps» of the human genome that geneticists use every day — providing a more comprehensive view of the genome and how the pieces all fit together.

However, to render such a comparison valid, the lab had to upgrade the human X reference sequence, which was originally assembled as a mosaic of sequences from the X chromosomes of at least 16 people.

Hidden in the tangled, repetitious folds of DNA structures called centromeres, researchers from Harvard Medical School and the Broad Institute have discovered the hiding place of 20 million base pairs of genetic sequence, finding a home for 10 percent of the DNA that is thought to be missing from the standard reference map of the human genome.

In response, Page and colleagues devised what is known as SHIMS (single - haplotype iterative mapping and sequencing) to establish a definitive reference DNA sequence of the Y chromosome.

The sequences of these DNA snippets can be matched to corresponding stretches of DNA on a reference genome, in order to map precisely the spots where DNA - damage is under repair.

«Humans vary in their DNA sequences, and what is taken as the «normal» DNA sequence for reference can not account for all these differences,» says Stuart Orkin, MD, of Dana - Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and co-corresponding author on the study with Matthew Canver, an MD - PhD student at Harvard Medical School.

To demonstrate use of the new nomenclature, the authors of the study review recently published news species descriptions in the ichthyological literature that include DNA data and apply the GenSeq nomenclature to sequences referenced in those publications.

Moreover, spiders are not closely related to most of the other animals whose genomes have already been sequenced, making it difficult to use those references to piece together and analyze spider genomes.

Further exploring data amount, we used the assembled ~ 1.1 - billion - bp chicken genome (40) as a reference to generate a 322 - million - bp MULTIZ alignment of putatively orthologous genome regions across all species, comprising ~ 30 % of an average assembled avian genome and corresponding to the maximal orthologous sequence obtainable across all orders under our homology criteria (SM3).

Yet, «these studies using HeLa cells had to rely on information from the «reference» sequence produced by the Human Genome Project, even though there was evidence that the genomes of HeLa cell lines were probably quite different,» said Lars Steinmetz, Ph.D., who led the G3 study.

High - throughput sequencing of the library and alignment of sequencing reads to a reference genome identifies the profile of rNMP incorporation events.

Metabarcoding works by comparing short genetic sequence «markers» from unidentified biological specimens to libraries of known reference sequences.

The success of this approach is in part dependent on the completeness of the library of reference sequences.

Reference materials are critical to properly evaluate the next - generation of gene sequencing and genetic testing methods that will increase the reliability and effectiveness of precision medicine (also known as «personalized medicine»), in which a person's genetic profile is used to create treatments and therapies unique to that individual.

The sequenced genome also provides a reference for scientists studying cephalopods to investigate other species of these exotic animals.

They then looked for matches in a publicly available reference bank of DNA sequences.

The size and complexity of their genomes (∼ 20 — 40 Gb, 2n = 24) have delayed the arrival of a well - annotated reference sequence.

This has implications for the use of deep sequencing analysis of immunization studies: if the sequence of J3 had been used as a reference to filter the sequences from llama 9 (without prior screening of VHH from llama 9), no J3 - like antibodies would have been found, 3E3 would not have been identified and it would have falsely appeared that the immunization of llama 9 had failed.

For instance, the Human Microbiome Project (HMP)(Turnbaugh et al, 2007; Peterson et al, 2009; Huttenhower et al, 2012) and MetaHIT (Qin et al, 2010) have generated maps of bacterial species abundances throughout the human body, reference genomes, and catalogs of more than 100 million microbial genes assembled from shotgun sequencing of in vivo communities.

Determining the composition of pooled samples can be difficult, especially at the scale of modern sequencing data and reference databases.

These non-aligning reference sequences are absent from the query and are either the result of DNA gain in the reference or DNA loss in the query.

The understanding of marine microbial ecology and metabolism has been hampered by the paucity of sequenced reference genomes.

Using simulations, we show Karp is accurate across a variety of read lengths, reference sequence lengths, sample depths, and when samples contain reads originating from organisms absent from the reference.

Using simulations, we show the method is accurate across a variety of read lengths, with different length reference sequences, at different sample depths, and when samples contain reads originating from organisms absent from the reference.

Here, Jeong - Sun Seo and colleagues use a combination of recently developed genome sequencing and assembly technologies, including single - molecule real - time sequencing and next - generation mapping, to generate a higher - resolution reference genome with fewer gaps.