Sentences with phrase «reflectivity which»

For example, fewer clouds means less reflectivity which results in a warmer Earth.

Conversely, more clouds means greater reflectivity which results in a cooler Earth.

US scientists propose that artificially introducing aerosols to the atmosphere will brighten clouds and increase reflectivity which could help defend the Earth from global warming.

Christian theology is the effort to give full expression to that reflectivity which supports and furthers Christian existence, whose primal forms of expression are those of its founder and his first followers (cf. AB 200 and PT 38).

Not exact matches

And, third, the reason - centred reflectivity of the enlightenment, which lead to the blossoming of a spirit of critical reconstruction within traditional religions.3 Hindu representatives who found themselves at the locus of these dynamics had to advocate for their traditional religion and talk - back to the western imperialists in order to undercut missionary interpretation of Hinduism, deny the silence of the eastern Other and engage in a process of re-presenting their own faith tradition in a changing world.

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«It is a very good paper which provides valuable new insights about the physical processes controlling the change in reflectivity of the Greenland ice sheet and specifically its darkening over time,» said Eric Rignot, a senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who studies ice sheets but was not involved with the new study.

Two properties dominate reflectivity in dry snow — the size of snow grains, which become larger and more absorbent as they melt, and the presence of dark impurities that absorb the sun's energy, predominantly black carbon and mineral dust, which also cause the snow to melt faster.

One of the prime explanations for this low reflectivity — an abundance of minerals including the element iron, which strongly absorb certain wavelengths of light falling upon them — doesn't fit in this instance, researchers say.

The surface's reflectivity, which scientists call albedo, could decrease by as much as 10 percent by the end of the century, the study finds.

Dielectric mirrors can have reflectivities of 99.999 percent or better at the wavelength for which they are designed.

Anyone who accepts that sunlight falling on ice free waters which has less reflectivity than sunlight falling on a large ice mass covering those waters and also accepts that this reduction in albedo has a positive feedback effect, leading to further warming, can't help but opt for A or B, it seems to me.

From the specular reflectivity the electron density can be obtained which is directly correlated with the coverage of a submonolayer.

The infrared findings indicated that UB313 has a reflectivity, or albedo, of about 60 percent, which is similar to Pluto's and suggested that the two bodies have surfaces are made of very similar materials such as frozen methane and nitrogen snow at a temperature of -248 °C or -418 °F.

The new display technology offers higher contrast and better reflectivity, which means that «whites are whiter and blacks are blacker.»

Also, if Carta isn't scalable, which had the main advantage of higher reflectivity for use with the front - light, you might be able to use other e-ink screens instead, like Mobius and still have a good, even light spill, enabling larger screens while still keeping the benefits of higher density, etc..

And all of them have an air gap between the glass and the LCD layer beneath; that gap increases reflectivity, which causes the mirror effect that makes tablets terrible for use in bright sunlight.

The company will improve the color count from 4096 to 16.7 M by next year, and will also improve the panel's reflectivity and writing method (which will make them faster).

A product page, which was spotted by Engadget and subsequently removed, notes that the device integrates a new display with higher contrast and improved reflectivity, along with a new lighting system to enhance readability in low - light environments.

Their flea collars are affordable, repel and kill, long - lasting - providing up to 7 months of water - resistant protection, and it comes with perks like reflectivity so your dog can remain visible in the dark, which is super useful if you usually go out on walks at night.

Most Eagle Creek Day Travelers ™ have integrated All Ways Secure ™ functionality which feature (1) Anti-Theft qualities like lockable zippers, RFID blocking technology and hidden Passport pockets, (2) Digital protection for electronics including tablet and laptop sleeves, and (3) Personal Safety features like reflectivity, a light attachment loop and safety whistle.

Night (1947 - 2015) will focus on mid-career and established sculptors who work with themes raised by Giacometti's vanished artwork — themes such as unreliability, looping, curving, reflectivity, and doubt, all of which provide a counterpoint to Johnson's transparent temple.

Lush pigmentation and supreme reflectivity combine in John McCracken's lacquered sculptures to create bold objects which paradoxically melt into their environment by acting as mirrors.

Irony and self - reflectivity are central strategies of her work, which touches upon feminist issues and patterns of micro history, and is furthermore socially engaged, whilst it can be political and escapist all at once.

Recent major projects include Painting Air, an installation made for the artist's 2012 survey at the RISD Museum of Art, in which more than 100 panels of suspended glass of varying reflectivity refract and distort an abstract mural inspired by the colors of Claude Monet's garden at Giverny.

These wildfires release soot into the atmosphere, which accelerates the rate of melting of glaciers, snow and ice it lands upon, which can lead to less reflectivity, meaning more of the sun's heat is absorbed, leading to more global warming, which leads to even more wildfires, not to mention greater sea level rise, which is already threatening coastal areas around the world.

Roy Spencer is the driving force behind the «internal variability» hypothesis, which posits that some unknown and undefined mechanism is causing cloud cover to change, which, by changing the overall reflectivity of the Earth, is the driving force behind the current global warming.

At the news conference most of the talk was about the simplest one, the photodiode which measures total reflectivity in the UV / VIS / NIR out to ~ 1.1 microns (the band gap for silicon detectors).

Its warming effect, however, is simultaneously amplified and dampened by positive and negative feedbacks such as increased water vapor (the most powerful greenhouse gas), reduced albedo, which is a measure of Earth's reflectivity, changes in cloud characteristics, and CO2 exchanges with the ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.

Dr. Roy Spencer has proposed a hypothesis whereby some unknown internal mechanism causes cloud cover to change, which in turn changes the reflectivity (albedo) of the planet, thus causing warming or cooling.

As the snow gets dirtier, its reflectivity decreases, and it melts faster, which causes a positive feedback loop, said the study's lead author, Marco Tedesco, a glaciologist at Columbia University's Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, N.Y.

To get forcing you need either and increase in solar energy, or a change in the earth's reflectivity (and that would need a verifiable reason) or a change in absorption of solar energy (which could be provided by GHG's).

Albedo is REFLECTIVITY, it is ONE aspect of several feedbacks which result from more open water.

DMS oxidizes to sulfates which make efficient cloud condensation nuclei, increasing both the amount of cloud cover and the reflectivity of individual clouds.

The range of model projections for each emissions scenario is the result of the differences in the ways the models represent key factors such as water vapor, ice and snow reflectivity, and clouds, which can either dampen or amplify the initial effect of human influences on temperature.

That is until the surface is covered by snow, which being about the same reflectivity as clouds, cancels the decrease in the incident power so that the net effect is to trap surface warmth.

Given that this would require a massive increase in concrete (which has higher reflectivity but produces a great deal of CO2 in the production of the concrete's cement) and a lot of new paint and light - colored gravel for commercial roofing, the economic costs would be significant.

They can also provide «seeds» around which water droplets coalesce to form clouds, thus further increasing the planet's reflectivity.

1) In reality both the changes in albedo (reflectivity) and CO2 concentration are feedbacks on the orbital forcing, and the relation in the one direction (a change in earth's orbit causing a temperature change which in turn causes albedo and CO2 levels to change) is not necessarily the same as the relation in the reverse direction, as is currently happening with human - induced increases in CO2.

Nowhere in the paper is there a mention of a «mechanism», which caused this change in cloud cover and reflectivity.

2) We have INCREASING POSITIVE feedback effects from (a) melting tundra, (b) melting melting hydrates in the oceans, (c) lower reflectivity (albedo) of the Arctic itself, not to mention its next door neighbor Greenland, (d) increased fires in northern Asia and North America which will further exacerbate albedo, (e) LESS ICE AREA to reflect sun in the Arctic... and thus allow that nice dark water to absorb more and more sun.

As others have pointed out, excluding clouds, the average reflectivity of earth's surface is about 0.124 Earth is not a blackbody, most of the earth is covered by ocean, which has an emissivity between 0.92 and 0.96 - I'll use a 0.94 average.

This second point applies to Earth despite the fact that Earth has backradiation which the Moon does not have; so any point on Earth will have incident solar, reflectivity, regolith absorption and back radiation confounding any application of SB to calculate temperature at that site.

«More snow means more snowmelt in [the] spring, resulting in larger melt ponds at that time,» which lowers the reflectivity of the sea ice, Feltham said.

«These clouds account for the high reflectivity of Venus, but because they also reflect infrared back to the surface (unlike water clouds, which absorb and emit)»

They also act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) around which clouds can form, and thereby influence cloud reflectivity and cloud lifetime (indirect effects).

The albedo or reflectivity of the ice surface is decreased by coating the surface with black particulates which don't reflect but absorb the heat from the Sun.

Absorptivity + Reflectivity = 1 1 - Reflectivity = Absorptivity Which is exactly what they wrote above.

Cook explains that the darkening is the result of a melt - induced feedback that polar scientists have long documented: Upon melting and refreezing, ice crystals lose their spiky shape and grow larger and rounder, which can reduce the reflectivity of the snow by as much as 10 %.

It is well documented that the earth's reflectivity (albedo) is approximately 0.3 which leads to absorptivity of 0.7.