The design's colour palette of striking blues and light hues
reflects more sunlight and absorbs less heat — improving the look of these popular pedestrian plazas while making them more comfortable places to sit.
They are now quite complex and factor in things like; variable output by the sun, variations in the earth's orbit around the sun, greenhouse gases AND dust from volcanoes, greenhouse gases from decay in wetlands and from agriculture (rice paddies are artificial wetlands), differences in the reflectivity («albedo») of different surfaces (grass
reflects more sunlight than forest, and ice much more than open water etc.)... and there are many more.
Clouds reduce losses from upward heat flux and
reflects more sunlight back into space — with SW reflection losses the more significant.
Polar ice
reflects more sunlight back into space than polar oceans or continents, helping to cool the overall climate.
Aerosols can also have big effects on clouds, for instance making them brighter so that
they reflect more sunlight back into space.
A fleet of 1,500 automated ships, dubbed «albedo yachts,» spewing saltwater into the sky to make denser clouds that
reflect more sunlight — and cool the world.
Adding aerosols to the atmosphere to
reflect more sunlight might slow the loss of glaciers but not stop it
Budgetmakers in the U.S. Senate want the Department of Energy (DOE) to study the possibility of making Earth
reflect more sunlight into space to fight global warming.
Other solutions cited in the study include white roofs that
reflect more sunlight back to space or hybrid roofs that combine aspects of white and green, or planted, roofs.
Others involve
reflecting more sunlight into space.
Some models suggest they'll increase [in number] and
reflect more sunlight — and mitigate the CO2 effect,» says Rob Wood.
If the climate sensitivity is low, for example due to increasing low - lying cloud cover
reflecting more sunlight as a response to global warming, then how can these large past climate changes be explained?
Brighter clouds
reflect more sunlight back into space, reducing the amount of heat absorbed by the earth.
If clouds really formed more easily / frequently to
reflect more sunlight as the planet warms (or, in this scenario, stopped forming, and stopped reflecting sunlight near the equator as the planet cools, providing an offset to the increased albedo to the north), then this scenario wouldn't come about.
You have mentioned a MGT feedback loop of diminishing water vapor as the only thing that explains the hiatus well but it could also occur with increasing water vapor as clouds might
reflect more sunlight back restoring the new system to its temperature mean.
It's negative because clearing rainforests to plant endless fields of identical crops increases the albedo,
reflecting more sunlight and producing a slight cooling effect.
And if air pollution is
reflecting more sunlight than previously estimated, as Hansen suspects, the sun will indeed play an important role, at least in the upcoming decades.
And of course bright white clouds can to
reflect more sunlight than the yellowish droplets of pure sulfuric acid, but the water clouds also evaporate.
This would make the Arctic a lot colder and it could start growing a big ice cap, which would, in turn,
reflect more sunlight back out to space and make the Earth cool even more, spiraling us into an ice age.
Increasing amounts of sea ice and clouds could
reflect more sunlight back into space, but Wally Broecker suggests that a major greenhouse gas is disturbed by the far - north failure of the salt conveyor, and that this affects the amount of heat retained.
Employing a smiling cartoon sun to illustrate the ways radiation might be adjusted in the atmosphere, he rattled them off one by one: carbon - sucking machines, man - made jumbo algae blooms, planetary - scale sunshades to deflect solar rays, brightening clouds to
reflect more sunlight.
The fact that the actual measured planetary warming is less than the lowest IPCC model prediction warming and is found only at high latitudes (which is not predicted by the IPCC models) logically supports the assertion that the planet's response to a change in forcing is to resist the change (negative feedback, planetary clouds in the tropics increase
reflecting more sunlight in to space) rather than to amplify the change (positive feedback) due increased water vapour in the atmosphere.
Analysis of top of the atmosphere radiation changes Vs changes in planetary temperature also support the assertion that planetary clouds increase in the tropics thereby
reflecting more sunlight off into space thereby resisting forcing changes rather than amplifying them.
The aim is to increase the water droplet content of the clouds, making
them reflect more sunlight — so called marine cloud brightening.
Solar geoengineering is a term used to describe a group of hypothetical technologies that could, in theory, counteract temperature rise by
reflecting more sunlight away from the Earth's surface.
Another proposed technique that is starting to turn heads is the idea of increasing the albedo of buildings in order to
reflect more sunlight.
Studying Chinese summer thunderclouds the researchers found that an increase in aerosols led to larger and more persistent convective cloud systems, with larger anvils at several kilometers of altitude that may
reflect more sunlight, but trap even more heat — as their high - resolution model showed.
By
reflecting more sunlight, cool roofs reduce heat flow into the building, which lowers energy consumption and power - plant emissions if the building is air - conditioned.
More clouds would
reflect more sunlight, and the Earth's temperatures would drop.
For warming many skeptics propose that clouds will just increase to
reflect more sunlight and counter the warming.
For best results choose awnings in light colors that
reflect more sunlight.
While the location of the hottest place on Earth might shift from year to year, the conditions that give rise to it remain the same: Dry, rocky and dark - colored lands are good at absorbing heat, while lighter sand will tend to
reflect more sunlight.
Snow and ice
reflect more sunlight than bare ground, meaning less solar radiation is absorbed by the surface.
More WVP in the atmosphere means more clouds,
reflecting more sunlight and thus providing negative feedback for cooling.
This in turn is
reflecting more sunlight.
He proposed that an increase in low level cloud coverage would result in lower temperatures as they acted like a shade over the earth, while also
reflecting more sunlight away from the earth's surface.
Not exact matches
There are
more, however, including the amount of
sunlight an ice sheet is able to
reflect; the larger an ice sheet, the
more sunlight is
reflected, but the smaller an ice sheet, the
more ocean there is surrounding the ice sheet to absorb the
sunlight which in turn heats up the surrounding waters increasing the melt which decreases the size of the ice sheet which in turn... and so goes the cycle.
They create hazy air that
reflects sunlight, and also lead to
more reflective, longer - lasting clouds.
And because clouds
reflect sunlight, cloud dissipation causes
more sunlight to transfer to the ground and seas, ultimately resulting in warmer ground and air temperatures.
But light - colored particles — white and gray particles primarily —
reflect sunlight and enhance cloudiness, causing
more light to
reflect.
The
more cloud droplets develop, the
more sunlight is
reflected back into space.
But if climate change ended up generating
more clouds, then these clouds would
reflect sunlight, which would most likely have a cooling effect.
This could reduce the ocean temperature locally because
more sunlight would be
reflected back into space.
Researchers sought to learn
more about the impact of a process in which volcanoes give off aerosol particles that
reflect sunlight, cooling the atmosphere and leading to reduced rainfall.
The Michigan Tech study reinforces that dirtier clouds - which are brighter clouds that scatter
more sunlight,
reflecting some of it back to space - will probably last longer because they are less likely to lead to precipitation.
The company says that the solar cylinders — paired with a roof painted white to better
reflect sunlight — can collect 20 percent
more sunshine than their conventional flat counterparts.
And by knocking down trees, which absorb
sunlight, a mammoth could cause
more sun to be
reflected, increasing the cooling albedo effect on the permafrost.
Thick ice
reflects incoming
sunlight, but the melt ponds can transmit
more than 50 % of the light to the waters below, promoting under - ice blooms, he says.
More than 2600 heliostats — flat mirrors — over 185 hectares
reflect and concentrate
sunlight onto the top of a tower.
Before the 20th century, the fastest rate of glacier retreat
reflected in the core was about 8,500 years ago, at a time when the Earth's position relative to the sun resulted in
more summer
sunlight in the Arctic.