Unfortunately, we in the education
reform policy community have turned a blind eye to these innovations and more customized solutions, instead focusing on creating more uniform schools, to ensure more predictable outcomes.
Not exact matches
University of Toronto «s Colleen Flood, the Canada Research Chair in Health Law and
Policy, explains what's standing in the way of health care
reform, and why the business
community may be our best bet for bringing about change.
«The advocacy
community has suggested that DEA's statement that they would decide on the Gregoire - Chafee rescheduling petition this summer is a sign that they are moving toward
reforming policy with regard to marijuana,» Hudak told Business Insider, referring to a 2011 petition from Govs. Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island and Christine Gregoire of Washington state.
April 28, 2018 • In
communities where both housing and fresh food are needed, the fight over valuable vacant land is prompting
policy reform — and tense collaboration — between developers and gardeners.
Competition
Policy Review (Harper Review), Submission on Issues Paper (2014) Argued new approach needed for problems concerning small business
community - not appropriate to make further
reforms to the CCA for this purpose (better to address them through separate legislative regime).
Email:
[email protected] Date: 6 November 2013 Venues: McDonald Rooms Conference Centre, Hanover Housing, 95 McDonald Road, Edinburgh, EH7 4NS Audience: Specific interest More Information:
Community Resilience under Public Service Reform event website The support of community empowerment and resilience is a core element of public policy reform in
Community Resilience under Public Service
Reform event website The support of community empowerment and resilience is a core element of public policy reform in Sco
Reform event website The support of
community empowerment and resilience is a core element of public policy reform in
community empowerment and resilience is a core element of public
policy reform in Sco
reform in Scotland.
This one - day seminar will examine the implications and opportunities arising from the
policy ambitions for
community empowerment and resilience at a time of public service
reform (PSR).
The partners of the international
community in the
reform process in all relevant
policy areas — especially agriculture, labour legislation, public services, and social security — are all segments of BiH society, not just local political elites.
Gov. Andrew Cuomo has pushed for
reform of the state's «failing» schools, outlining the receivership plan in his 2015 combined
policy and budget address and in his 2016 address pushing for further funding to turn the schools into
community schools.
And while he praised Bloomberg's efforts to improve public health, snuff out smoking, and pass immigration
reform, he vowed to improve the way the city deals with small businesses, bolster affordable housing, and
reform the controversial stop - and - frisk
policy to improve
community relations with police.
In the housing workshop I was really impressed by how much Jack Dromey's team are listening to party members and the wider
community and are developing really promising
policies on planning
reform, building more homes and tackling the many challenges faced by tenants in the private rented sector.
He ticked off a list of school governance
reforms the union is pushing for in Albany: don't allow the citywide Panel for Educational
Policy to be controlled by one person; give
Community Education Councils a real voice, especially concerning co-locations; and require that the schools chancellor be an educator.
Astorino, the Westchester County executive, gave a strong indication of what his speech will contain late last week at an evening meeting of the state Business Council, where he delivered a scathing and apparently effective critique of Cuomo's economic
policies, current New York economic conditions and the failure of the business
community to fight for necessary
reforms that left several Cuomo backers clearly uncomfortable, some in attendance said.
Soto highlighted his efforts to help with hurricane relief in both Florida and Puerto Rico, and a whole host of progressive
policies from supporting labor unions to supporting the gay
community, from advocating to reinstate the assault weapons ban to sponsorship of a sexual harassment bill, and from opposing the Republican tax
reform bill, to opposing President Donald Trump «s wall.
Along the way, the East Harlem Council Member has shared her progressive vision for moving our
community forward, and addressed vital issues for Northern Manhattan and the Bronx, including affordable housing, education, and
reforming stop and risk policing
policy.
Under her leadership, the City Council will enact rules
reform, become a more inclusive and effective voice for all our
communities, and pass progressive
policy to create a more just, compassionate and equal New York City.»
Also at 11 a.m., a new report from the National Education
Policy Center at the University of Colorado, Boulder, will be released showing that
community schools need at least five years or more to create lasting school improvement and reduce barriers to achievement in a measurable way, Annenberg Institute for School
Reform, 233 Broadway, Suite 720, Manhattan.
He works on NY State energy
policy, particularly in relation to the «
Reforming the Energy Vision (REV)» and related proceedings, and coordinates COSHARE, the
Community Owned Shared Renewables Group on behalf of the Alliance.
Pre-Campaign
Community Service / Activism: Worked extensively with Family of Woodstock, Rip Van Winkle Council of Boy Scouts of America, establishing Ulster County Habitat for Humanity, Ralph Darmstadt Homeless Shelter, Ulster County Board of Health and Ulster County Human Rights Commission, Caring Hands Soup Kitchen Board Member, Midtown Rising Board Member, Teacher at Woodbourne Prison, part of Rising Hope Program Platform At a Glance Economy: Supports farming subsidies, job creation through infrastructure investments in rural broadband and sustainable technology, in favor of strong unions Healthcare: Medicare for All Women's Rights: Pro-choice, supports fully funding Planned Parenthood, birth control to be paid for employer, supports equal pay for equal work Racial Justice: Will work to prevent discrimination of all kind Immigration: Supports comprehensive immigration
reform that includes path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants Foreign
Policy: Supports increased pressure on North Korea but not military intervention Environment: Supports measures to stall climate change and create green jobs LGBTQ: Supports anti-discrimination of all people Gun Control: Will not take NRA money, supports common sense gun control and against Faso's vote to allow the mentally disabled to obtain firearms
«From universal pre-kindergarten to bringing police and
community closer together to fighting income inequality, the de Blasio administration has since Day One focused... on implementing...
policy reforms that will... make a real difference in the lives of everyday New Yorkers,» a spokesperson said.
Some of these initiatives include, the Better Buffalo Fund; Upstate Revitalization Initiative; an enhanced historic preservation tax credit; land banks legislation; zombie properties
reforms; brownfield redevelopment
reforms; Complete Streets law and funding;
Community Risk & Resiliency Act; Age Friendly / Health Across All
Policies; Cleaner Greener and Clean Energy Communities; Climate - Smart Communities grants; and craft beverage
reforms.
«Our analysis shows that if you are poor and live in one of the 25 opt - out states, you are likely to have been left out when it comes to health
reform,» says lead author Peter Shin, PhD, MPH, director of the Geiger Gibson Program in
Community Health
Policy and an associate professor of health policy at
Policy and an associate professor of health
policy at
policy at SPHHS.
Josh also joined with colleagues at the American Geophysical Union and the Aerospace Industries Association to spearhead the formation of a broad - based NASA advocacy coalition, now known as the Coalition for Aerospace and Science, and he was a
community - wide leader in advocating for
reforms to burdensome government travel and conference
policies which have significantly impacted the AAS
community's ability to collaborate effectively.
For example, achieving and sustaining progress toward the goals of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) will require more and better - quality research on the
policy and
community contexts of
reform.
DeVos has a long history of supporting the kinds of accountability and school - choice
policies that a broad swath of the education -
reform community has championed over the last two decades.
The Communiqué calls on the international
community to increase efforts to phase out perverse subsidies to fossil fuels by promoting
policy transparency, ambitious
reform and targeted support for the poorest.
Once a certain degree of
policy adequacy is in place (reasonably smart laws around autonomy and authorizing, decent - enough funding), the difference between good sectors and great sectors boils down to the «ecosystem» built by the local
reform community.
This includes engaging a
community of researchers,
policy leaders, and advocates to support such
reform.
The institutional dimension of culturally responsive pedagogy emphasizes the need for
reform of the cultural factors affecting the organization of schools, school
policies and procedures (including allocation of funds and resources), and
community involvement.
Peter Smyth, a retired educator and administrator, and also a co-founder of
Community Voice, says, «After a career in education and research into educational
reform, I have come to these conclusions: while South Carolina Superintendent Zais has applied for a waiver to No Child Left Behind, his proposals reflect those of Secretary Duncan and the current and previous administrations,
policies which have not achieved their goals and have made raising test scores and graduation rates, rather than meaningful learning, the default goals of American education.
The political argument for involving parents and other
community members more substantially carries along with it an explicit challenge to the traditional, hierarchical leadership and power structures in schools.156 According to Leithwood and Prestine (2002), the
policies and
reforms that call for decentralized decision making rest on certain important assumptions about the role of the principal and other school leaders.
Since its founding in 1985, the Bradley Foundation has been at the epicenter of reactionary
policies, including welfare
reform, opposition to affirmative action, and claims that «moral poverty,» rather than structural inequity, is the source of social ills in poor urban
communities.
Her research reflects urban school
reform initiatives such as the
community school model, democratic
community engagement, culturally relevant family engagement, and the intersection of housing and educational
policy, particularly as it impacts vulnerable families.
The Office of Academics is responsible for the development and leadership of the district's academic goals and
policies, directing the instructional program pre-K to grade 12 across all content areas and special programs, and it engages constituent groups, teachers, principals, other staff, parents, and
community in the ongoing process of educational
reform, curriculum planning and implementation, and program development.
Prior to BAEO, Offiong served as an Analyst with Bellwether Education Partners, a national nonprofit organization dedicated to accelerating the achievement of low - income students by cultivating, advising, and placing a robust
community of innovative, effective change agents in public education
reform and improving the
policy climate for their work.
She has published four books: Shaping School
Policy: A Guide to Choices, Politics and
Community Relations (1992), Politics of Education Yearbook: The Politics of Teacher Preparation
Reform (2000), College Bound (2010), and Urban Education: A Model for Leadership and
Policy (2011).
WHEREAS, the so - called «
reform» initiatives of Students First, rely on destructive anti-educator
policies that do nothing for students but blame educators and their unions for the ills of society, make testing the goal of education, shatter
communities by closing their public schools, and see public schools as potential profit centers and children as measureable commodities; and
These efforts garner billions of dollars in funding from proponents whose interest in
reform is economical and not personal, and whose
communities are not directly impacted by the
policies they espouse.
Presenters: Eric Glaser, Director, U.S. Network Impact, United Way Worldwide; Brittany Moore, Manager, Alliance Engagement, America's Promise Alliance; Mark Bishop, Vice President of
Policy, Healthy Schools Campaign; Yolie Flores, Senior Fellow, Campaign for Grade - Level Reading; Gordon Jackson, Director, Coordinated Student Support Division, California Department of Education; Jill Habig, Special Assistant Attorney General for California Attorney General Kamala Harris; Sharon Lee, Director, Office of Multiple Pathways, Rhode Island Department of Education; Rebecca Boxx, Director, Providence Children and Youth Cabinet, Annenberg Institute for School
Reform, Brown University; Terry Haven, Deputy Director, Voices for Utah Children; Lisa Wisham, Education Specialist, 21st Century
Community Learning, Centers, Utah State Department of Education; Susan Loving, Transition Specialist, Utah State Department of Education; and from Attendance Works: Hedy Chang, Director; Cecelia Leong, Associate Director; Phyllis Jordan, Communications Lead.
The letter outlines how
policies Secretary Duncan helped initiate, like Race to the Top, have hurt local
communities and excluded them from participating in efforts to
reform their schools.
It's no secret that the education advocacy
community is not happy with the direction of President Obama's education
policies, though he seems oblivious himself to the depth and strength of anger he and his corporate
reform front man, Arne Duncan, have inspired (for more on the President's seeming lack of awareness, read this great post by Diane Ravitch.)
Dr. Noguera has published over 200 research and scholarly articles, monographs, research reports, and editorials on topics such as urban school
reform, education
policy, conditions that promote student achievement, the role of education in
community development, youth violence, and race and ethnic relations in American society as well as the author of several books.
So last year, two of the state's leading education
reform organizations, Texans for Education Reform (TER) and the Texas Institute for Education Reform (TIER), partnered to establish a new group: Texas Aspires, a bipartisan, non-profit organization of education, business and community leaders committed to advancing public policies that benefit all Texas stu
reform organizations, Texans for Education
Reform (TER) and the Texas Institute for Education Reform (TIER), partnered to establish a new group: Texas Aspires, a bipartisan, non-profit organization of education, business and community leaders committed to advancing public policies that benefit all Texas stu
Reform (TER) and the Texas Institute for Education
Reform (TIER), partnered to establish a new group: Texas Aspires, a bipartisan, non-profit organization of education, business and community leaders committed to advancing public policies that benefit all Texas stu
Reform (TIER), partnered to establish a new group: Texas Aspires, a bipartisan, non-profit organization of education, business and
community leaders committed to advancing public
policies that benefit all Texas students.
Academy of Notre Dame Algonquin Regional High School Annie Sullivan Middle School Another Course to College Ansin Religious School Arlington High School Ashland High School Assabet Valley Regional Technical High School Auburn High School Austin Preparatory School Baker School Beacon Academy Beaver Country Day School Belmont Day School Belmont High School Belmont Hill School Bernard Mcnally Beverly High School Bigelow Middle School Bishop Fenwick High School Blessed Sacrament School Boston Adult Technical Academy Boston Arts Academy Boston College Boston College High School Boston
Community Leadership Academy Boston Latin Academy Boston Latin School Boston Middle School Academy Boston Preparatory Charter Public School Boston Public Schools Boston's Jewish
Community Day School Brandeis Jewish Education Program Bridgewater Raynham Regional High School Brighton High School Brimmer and May School Briscoe Middle School Broad Meadows Middle School Brook Farm Business and Service Career Academy Brookline High School Buckingham Browne & Nichols School Burlington High School Burlington Middle School Cambridge Family and Children's Service Cambridge Friends School Cambridge Montessori School Cambridge Public Schools Cambridge Rindge & Latin School Cambridge School of Weston Cameron Middle School Cathedral High School (Boston) Cathedral High School (Springfield) Center for Collaborative Education Central Catholic High School (Lawrence) Central Tree Middle School Chapel Hill - Chauncy Hall School Charlestown High School Chatham High School Chelsea High School City On A Hill Charter High School Codman Academy Charter Public School Cohen Hillel Academy
Community Academy of Science and Health Concord Carlisle High School Concord Middle School Congregation Beth El Congregation Beth Israel Hebrew School Congregation B'nai Shalom Congregation Shalom Curley K - 8 School Curry College Dana Hall School Dean Junior College Dearborn Middle School Dedham Country Day School Derby Academy Diploma Plus Commonwealth Corporation Dorchester Academy Dorchester
Community Center for the Visual Arts Dorchester Youth Alternative Academy Dorshei Tzedek Religious School Douglas High School Dover - Sherborn High School Driscoll School Duxbury High School East Boston Catholic East Boston High School East Bridgewater Gordon Mitchel Middle School Easton Junior High School Edgartown School Edison K - 8 School Edward M. Kennedy Academy for Health Careers Edwards Middle School Elizabeth Seton Academy English High School Excel High School F.A. Day Middle School Fay School Fayerweather Street School Fenn School Fenway High School Fessenden School Fitchburg High School Fletcher Maynard Academy Framingham High School Francis W. Parker Charter Essential School Frederick Douglass Charter School Full Circle High School Fuller Middle School Galvin Middle School (Canton, MA) Galvin Middle School (Wakefield, MA) Gann Academy: The New Jewish High School of Greater Boston Gateway Regional High School Goss II Secure Treatment DYS Graham and Parks School Greater Egleston
Community High School Grover Cleveland Middle School Hamilton - Wenham Regional High School Hanson Middle School Harbor School Harvard Graduate School of Education Harwich High School Heath School Heritage Academy Hernandez K - 8 School Higgenson / Lewis K - 8 School Hillside Treatment Program Holy Name Parish School Hopkinton High School Horace Mann School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Hudson High School Hyde Park High School Immaculate Conception School Immaculate Conception School (Newburyport) Inly School International School of Boston Ipswich High School Ipswich Middle School Jackson Mann K - 8 School Jeremiah E. Burke High School John F. Kennedy Middle School (Natick) Josiah Quincy Upper School (Washington St) Kilmer K - 8 Upper School King Middle School (Dorchester) Knesset Israel Hebrew School Lawrence Public Schools Lawrence School (Brookline) Lesley College Lexington High School Lexington Montessori School Lilla Frederick Pilot Middle School Lillian Kessel Religious School at Temple Emanuel Lincoln School (Brookline) Lincoln School (Lincoln) Lincoln Sudbury Regional High School Littleton High School Lowell High School Lowell Middlesex Academy Charter School Lyndon Pilot School (West Roxbury) Madison Park Technical Vocational High School Maimonides High School Malden High School Marblehead Middle School Marblehead Public Schools Marlborough High School Martha's Vineyard Regional High School Martin Luther King Open School Mary Lyon School Massachusetts Department of Corrections MATCH School Matignon High School McCall Middle School McCormack Middle School McKay K - 8 School McKinley Middle School McKinley South End Academy Medford High School Media Communications Technology High School Melrose Junior High School Meridian Academy Middlesex
Community College Mildred Avenue School Miles River Middle School Milton Academy Mission Hill School Mitchell Middle School Monument High School Mother Caroline Academy Mount Alvernia Elementary School Mount Alvernia High School Mystic Valley Regional Charter School Nashoba Brooks School of Concord Nashoba Valley Technical High School (Westford) Nauset Regional High School Needham High School New Mission High School Newton Country Day School Newton North High School Noble & Greenough School North Shore Christian School North Shore
Community College Northbridge Middle School Northeastern University Norwell High School Notre Dame Academy (Hingham) Oak Hill Middle School O'Bryant School of Mathematics and Science Office of Curriculum and Instruction Ottoson Middle School Our Lady of Perpetual Help / Mission Grammar School Parkway Academy of Technology and Health Pathfinder Regional High School Pembroke
Community Middle School Phillips Academy Andover Pierce School Pike School Plymouth South Middle School Pollard Middle School Pope John Paul II Catholic Academy (Neponset, Lower Mills, Columbia, and Mattapan) Prospect Hill Charter Academy Prozdor Hebrew College Public Service And Civic Engagement Academy (Lowell High School) Quincy Public Schools Randolph High School Reading Memorial High School River Valley Charter School Rogers Middle School (Hyde Park) Roxbury Latin Roxbury Preparatory Charter School Runkle School Sacred Heart School Saint Agatha School Sarah Greenwood K - 8 School Shady Hill School Sharon High School Sharon Middle School Shore Country Day School Shrewsbury Middle School Snowden International High School Social Justice Academy Solomon Schechter Day School of Greater Boston Somerset High School Somerville High School South Area Solomon Schechter Day School South Boston Catholic Academy St. Brendan's School (Dorcester) St. Columbkille School St. John's Preparatory School St. John School St. Mary of the Assumption School (Brookline) St. Patrick School St. Paul's Catholic Church St. Peter Academy (South Boston) St. Theresa St. Thomas Aquinas High School Stoneham High School Striar Hebrew Academy Swampscott High School TechBoston Academy TechBoston Lower Academy Temple Beth David Religious School Temple Beth Shalom Temple Emanu - El Temple Etz Chaim Temple Isaiah Temple Israel Temple Israel Religious School Temple Sinai The Accelerated Learning Laboratory The Carroll School The Engineering School The Governor's Academy The Heller School for Social
Policy and Management at Brandeis University The Meadowbrook School of Weston The New Boston Pilot Middle School The Park School (MA) The Rashi School, the Boston Area
Reform Jewish Day School The Rivers School Thomas Blake Middle School Thurston Middle School Timilty Middle School Tobin K - 8 School Trinity Catholic Academy Tufts University Umana Middle School Academy University of Massachusetts, Boston College of
Community Service University Park Campus School Urban Science Academy Ursuline Academy Waltham High School Washington Irving Middle School Watertown High School Watertown Middle School Wayland Middle School Wellesley Middle School Wentworth Institute of Technology Westborough High School Weston Middle School WGBH Whitman Middle School Whitman - Hanson Regional High School Wilbraham & Monson Academy Wilmington High School Wilson Middle School (Natick) Winsor School Winthrop High School Worcester North High School Worker Education Program Young Achievers Science and Math K - 8 School
Allegheny Intermediate Unit (aiu3) Alliance for Excellent Education (AEE) American Alliance of Museums (AAM) American Association of Classified School Employees (AACSE) American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE) American Association of
Community Colleges (AACC) American Association of School Administrators (AASA) American Association of State Colleges & Universities (AASCU) American Council on Education (ACE) American Counseling Association (ACA) American Educational Research Association (AERA) American Federation of School Administrators (AFSA) American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) American Federation of Teachers (AFT) American Institutes for Research (AIR) American Library Association (ALA) American Medical Student Association (AMSA) American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) American School Counselor Association (ASCA) American Speech - Language - Hearing Association (ASHA) American Student Association of
Community Colleges (ASACC) Apollo Education Group ASCD Association for Career & Technical Education (ACTE) Association of American Publishers (AAP) Association of American Universities (AAU) Association of
Community College Trustees (ACCT) Association of Jesuit Colleges & Universities (AJCU) Association of Public and Land - grant Universities (APLU) Association of Public Television Stations (APTS) Association of School Business Officials International (ASBO) Boston University (BU) California Department of Education (CDE) California State University Office of Federal Relations (CSU) Center on Law and Social
Policy (CLASP) Citizen Schools Coalition for Higher Education Assistance Organizations (COHEAO) Consortium for School Networking (COSN) Cornerstone Government Affairs (CGA) Council for a Strong America (CSA) Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) Council for Opportunity in Education (COE) Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) Council of the Great City Schools (CGCS) DeVry Education Group Easter Seals Education Industry Association (EIA) FED ED Federal Management Strategies First Focus Campaign for Children George Washington University (GWU) Georgetown University Office of Federal Relations Harvard University Office of Federal Relations Higher Education Consortium for Special Education (HESCE) indiCo International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Johns Hopkins University, Center for Research &
Reform in Education (JHU - CRRE) Kent State University Knowledge Alliance Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) Magnet Schools of America, Inc. (MSA) Military Impacted Schools Association (MISA) National Alliance of Black School Educators (NABSE) National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC) National Association for Music Education (NAFME) National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) National Association of Federally Impacted Schools (NAFIS) National Association of Graduate - Professional Students, Inc. (NAGPS) National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (NAICU) National Association of Private Special Education Centers (NAPSEC) National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP) National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium (NASDCTEc) National Association of State Directors of Special Education (NASDSE) National Association of State Student Grant & Aid Programs (NASSGAP) National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NASFAA) National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD) National Center on Time & Learning (NCTL) National Coalition for Literacy (NCL) National Coalition of Classified Education Support Employee Unions (NCCESEU) National Council for
Community and Education Partnerships (NCCEP) National Council of Higher Education Resources (NCHER) National Council of State Directors of Adult Education (NCSDAE) National Education Association (NEA) National HEP / CAMP Association National Parent Teacher Association (NPTA) National Rural Education Association (NREA) National School Boards Association (NSBA) National Student Speech Language Hearing Association (NSSLHA) National Superintendents Roundtable (NSR) National Title I Association (NASTID) Northwestern University Penn Hill Group Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey School Social Work Association of America (SSWAA) Service Employees International Union (SEIU) State University of New York (SUNY) Teach For America (TFA) Texas A&M University (TAMU) The College Board The Ohio State University (OSU) The Pell Alliance The Sheridan Group The Y (YMCA) UNCF United States Student Association (USSA) University of California (UC) University of Chicago University of Maryland (UMD) University of Maryland University College (UMUC) University of Southern California (USC) University of Wisconsin System (UWS) US Public Interest Research Group (US PIRG) Washington Partners, LLC WestEd
She was a
community organizer on school
reform issues for a citywide non-profit, and a
policy advocate at a statewide non-profit organization.
«Successfully implementing systemic change will require an engaged and committed
reform community of all stakeholders — teachers, business leaders, parents,
policy makers — engaging in an open dialogue about how to best help our nation's students.
SEDL's
policy research focused on the following school
reform strategies as they played out in selected states and local districts: resource allocation in local districts, teacher mentoring, policymaker participation in
community dialogues on education
reform, and the charter school as a
policy instrument affecting school - site influence over education
reform.
In 2010 - 12, she was seconded to the «Welsh Government» as a Senior
Policy Adviser to assist with the process of system wide
reform which involved co-leading the National professional learning
communities program and developing a new Masters qualification for all newly qualified teachers.
In her time as Think Tank Coordinator, Melodie helped to advance the Institute's ambitious
reform agenda through
policy research,
community engagement and helping to establish operational and business models.