Sentences with phrase «regions of the atmosphere»

Satellite images in a paper to appear in Geophysical Research Letters reveal that the exhaust diffuses upwards into less dense regions of the atmosphere, where diffusion rates are naturally faster.

«We also should be able to see if there are long - term effects from the comet dust in that same region of the atmosphere.»

During the eclipse, scientists will also study Earth's outer atmosphere, the ionosphere, a region of the atmosphere containing particles that are charged by solar radiation.

Eruptions on the Sun's surface, also called solar storms, trigger geomagnetic storms and this usually causes disturbances globally in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere, which is the region of the atmosphere governed primarily by Earth's magnetic field.

HAARP, near Gakona, Alaska, comprises radio transmitters and antennas that are used to heat up the ionosphere — the uppermost region of the atmosphere — creating a laboratory in the sky for scientists.The facility has been used to produce an artificial aurora and to study how charged particles behave in the ionosphere, at a total cost of more than $ 250 million to build and operate.

As a plane flies through a thunderstorm or other electrically charged environment, the outside of the plane begins to be polarized, forming «leaders,» or channels of highly conductive plasma, flowing from opposite ends of the plane and eventually out toward oppositely charged regions of the atmosphere.

For a description of the highest regions of the atmosphere, where conditions are set largely by the presence of charged particles, see ionosphere and magnetosphere.

Increasing concentrations of methane, ammonia, and water are found in the lower regions of the atmosphere.

«Aurora [s] are very unlikely because (a) it's very unlikely there's a magnetic field to focus the charged particles into a small region of the atmosphere (necessary at other planets) and (b) the tenuous solar wind is likely deflected far [10s of Pluto radii] around Pluto,» Bagenal said in an email.

This is an especially important region of the atmosphere because climate models have forecast the deep layer of the lower atmosphere is the area where CO2 - influenced warming should occur first and by the greatest amounts.

The particles are fairly long - lived in the stratosphere, a stable region of the atmosphere that begins five to six miles up.

Note that the UV variations are strongly disproportionate to the integrated TSI change, and can reach up to 100 % variation (depending on the wavelength interval), ~ 6 % at UV wavelengths in the stratosphere, and temperature anomalies of ~ 1000 K in the very uppermost regions of the atmosphere; section 4 of the Gray et al. paper discussed UV changes and stratospheric feedbacks.

So if one releases CFC's in the lower atmosphere they can survive to be transported into the stratosphere (the region of the atmosphere starting 12 - 14 km).

2004, vol 109) provide support for claims that human activities have warmed the troposphere and cooled the lower stratosphere (a region of the atmosphere above the troposphere), hence increasing the height of the tropospause (the top of the troposphere).

An arithmetic average for temperatures defined over some region of the atmosphere, or any homogeneous system, is not an arbitrary choice.

It's also possible the upper region of atmosphere has larger effect from this warming.

Notably, by studying the clouds over a limited region of the atmosphere over the eastern Pacific Ocean, as well as over nearby land masses, the team at the university's International Pacific Research Centre have declared themselves firmly in the latter camp, warning that, as temperatures continue to creep steadily upwards over the next 100 years, cloud cover will become thinner and more - sparse, thereby serving to exacerbate the problem.

Data show that changes in one region of the atmosphere also affect another region in what is called as «atmospheric teleconnections».

Several proposals call for injecting microscopic particles, called aerosols, into the stratosphere, the quiet region of the atmosphere above the troposphere about 18 kilometers up from the equator.

Stratosphere - The highly stratified region of the atmosphere above the troposphere extending from about 10 kilometers (~ 6 miles), ranging from 9 kilometers (~ 5.6 miles) at high latitudes to 16 kilometers (~ 10 miles) in the tropics on average, to about 50 kilometers (~ 31 miles) altitude.

The cost is largely driven by a heavy reliance on robotic air and underwater vehicles needed to explore regions of the atmosphere and ocean during storms that humans have no way of reaching safely.

Am I correct in assuming that for every external photon, coming or going, that contributes to the heating or cooling a local region of the atmosphere by interacting with CO2 molecules, there may be 60 to 100 other photons having that same effect by interacting with gaseous water, free H2O molecules, due to the relative abundance of these two trace gases in the atmosphere?

In most planetary atmospheres, radiative equilibrium temperatures can not be sustained in the lower regions of the atmosphere..

Spector Am I correct in assuming that for every external photon, coming or going, that contributes to the heating or cooling a local region of the atmosphere by interacting with CO2 molecules, there may be 60 to 100 other photons having that same effect by interacting with gaseous water, free H2O molecules, due to the relative abundance of these two trace gases in the atmosphere?

«In the lower regions of the atmosphere (up to altitudes of approximately 40,000 feet [12,000 m]-RRB-, temperature decreases with altitude at a fairly uniform rate.

There are some regions of the atmosphere where lapse rates of -9 to -10 K / km have been observed, e.g., in parts of Antarctica affected by katabatic winds.

Surprisingly, when you go up in the air high enough, you can find regions of the atmosphere where the temperature increases with altitude!

So, for our analysis, we only consider the first three regions of the atmosphere, the troposphere, tropopause and stratosphere.

The region of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude is the troposphere and contains 90 percent of the atmosphere.

Recently I came up with a policy proposal that reconciles my skepticism with the policy activism of the alarmists: calibrate a carbon tax to the average temperature of the region of the atmosphere predicted by climatologists to be most sensitive to CO2.

Stratosphere The highly stratified region of the atmosphere above the troposphere extending from about 10 km (ranging from 9 km at high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics on average) to about 50 km altitude.

Any future metrics of model behaviour should take account of potential biases arising from this region of the atmosphere, especially if the stratosphere is poorly resolved as is the case in HadSM3

Temperature inversion, a reversal of the normal behaviour of temperature in the troposphere (the region of the atmosphere nearest the Earth's surface), in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air.

That warming stays local to that region of the atmosphere.

The really cold Arctic air is only in the lowest regions of the atmosphere (below say 5,000 feet), which GISS would fully see, while the satellite also sees air above 5,000 feet and averages that «warmer» upper air with the cold surface air.

«Because of the strong absorption of ozone in the UV occurring in the upper stratosphere and meso - sphere, a solar influence on the thermal structure in these regions of the atmosphere is plausible.

Within each region of the atmosphere that contains CO2, and within each region of the Earth surface, some molecules have above average kinetic energy and some have below average kinetic energy; the temps of the regions are proportional to the means of the kinetic energies in those regions, but the molecules are not all the same.

In other words, of a region of the atmosphere has an optical depth of 1, then 70 % of the incoming light has been blocked.

If it only goes up so far, what are the gases in the higher regions of the atmosphere?

And unfortunately, the upper troposphere (the region of the atmosphere believed to be most important for water vapor's effects on global heating) has no conclusive direct data on water vapor concentrations.

Since water vapor is such a powerful greenhouse gas, any increase in temperature in this region of the atmosphere should be largely a result of the effects of water vapor (IPCC Working Group 1 Assessment Report 4, Chapter 3, «Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change», Figure 3.21, page 275).

Due to the altitude and region of the atmosphere at which aircraft emissions at cruise are deposited, the extent of transboundary air pollution is particularly strong.

Not exact matches

The atmosphere in these regions, where culture and education have always enjoyed pride of place, and also the attitude of the diocesan leadership help to reduce the barrier between the intelligentsia and the church.»

It was a convivial atmosphere as the motley group of politicians came together at Dabala in the South Tongu constituency of the Volta Region to sympathise with the Woyome family.

«Presently there is peace in the Niger Delta region; the cease fire which was announced and sustained by all the militant groups last year after the intervention of PANDEF was to give the government a peaceful atmosphere for dialogue and subsequent implementation PANDEF 16 - point agenda, rather than extending the NDDC board to create crisis in the Niger Delta.

Our unique geographic location places us as part of New York's Capital District region, as well as being part of New York's Tech Valley region, which has created a tremendous business atmosphere and job growth spurt throughout the region.

Aginighan, who is the founding National Secretary, Ijaw National Congress, INC, expressed fears that the reported move by the Minister of Transport would upset the atmosphere of peace in the region, stressing that the coming of the university brought joy to the Ijaw nation and people of the region.

There, the charged particles strike molecules in Earth's atmosphere that release photons of various colors (red hues come from oxygen, for example) and light up polar regions in frequent auroral displays.

The array will beam 2.1 megawatts of radio energy into the ionosphere — the region that starts at 100 kilometers above the ground, where solar photons and charged particles crash into Earth's atmosphere.

The two models that came closest to reproducing the team's data had one key aspect in common — they modified the way they accounted for cloud formation and the longevity of clouds in the atmosphere, particularly in the polar regions.