Studies have
shown that life satisfaction is negatively associated with adolescent problem behaviour: sexual risk - taking behaviours (Valois et al. 2002); substance abuse, such as cigarette smoking, chewing tobacco, marijuana, cocaine,
regular alcohol use, binge drinking (Desousa et al. 2008; Piko et al. 2005; Zullig et al. 2001); and violence and aggression, such as carrying a
gun or weapon, physical fighting, stealing or damaging property at school, and drinking and driving (MacDonald et al. 2005; Valois et al. 2001).