Sentences with phrase «regulate cell processes»

Unlike genetic mutations that affect DNA and the genome, epigenetic markers turn genes on and off to regulate cell processes, which if altered may lead to disease, he explains.

Not exact matches

What guides the process in all living things is DNA, which regulates every cell of every plant and animal.

In addition to being a powerful antioxidant, catechins help to regulate several processes in the cell such as methylation and autophagy.

After birth, testosterone plays a role in regulating processes from fat distribution to red blood cell production.

Adult neural stem cells in the hypothalamus — a brain region that regulates hunger, sleep, body temperature and other activities — appear to orchestrate the body's aging process, they found.

Therefore, it is essential that we learn how specific types of chemical modifications normally regulate RNA function in our cells, in order to understand how dysregulation of this process contributes to human disease, says Cristian Bellodi.

But because genes can regulate multiple processes, more work is needed to determine the safety of modifying the cell cycle in such a way.

Hormones regulate a lifelong reshaping of our neuronal pathways, programming a turnover and pruning of brain cells — a process that begins in the womb and continues to affect our intellectual, emotional and social development in adulthood.

There are hundreds of RNA - binding proteins in the human genome that together regulate the processing, turnover and localization of the many thousands of RNA molecules expressed in cells.

While these results suggest that boosting autophagy in the gut is generally beneficial, Hansen cautions that further research is needed: «Before we can consider regulating autophagy to manage disease, we need to learn a lot more about how the process works both in a single cell as well as in the whole organism.»

«The protein PITPNC1 regulates a process whereby the cancer cells are secreting molecules, which cut through a network of proteins outside the cells, like scissors.

Using a mouse model, the team also demonstrated that two processes during neurodevelopment are regulated by the gene: proliferation — the replication of neuronal stem cells that have the potential to become multiple different kinds of cells, including neurons — and migration — the movement of neurons to specific locations in the brain during development.

Through their signaling prowess, IDPs help regulate the gas and brake pedals for producing proteins from the DNA code, according to evidence that has accumulated over the past decade, as well as the process by which cells divide.

New experiments by UC Berkeley and UCSF researchers suggest that immortalization of skin cells, which is essential to turning them cancerous, is a two - step process: a mutation in nevus cells slightly raises levels of telomerase, which keep the cells alive long enough for a second change, still unknown, that up - regulates telomerase to make the cells immortal and malignant.

«Inflammatory arthritis is caused when immune cells are recruited from the blood into the joint in a highly regulated process controlled by chemoattractants and adhesion receptors,» says Andrew Luster, MD, PhD, chief of the MGH Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, director of the CIID and senior author of the report.

Cells go through a highly regulated, ordered process to divide and multiply, called the cell cycle.

Disease processes often begin with mutations in the transcription factor, or in the DNA they bind to inside the nucleus of cells to regulate the complex interplay of genes needed for a healthy functioning body.

In their efforts to conquer the aging process, researchers are zeroing in on one specific part of the cell: mitochondria, the energy - generating organelles that control our metabolism and, it seems, help regulate how long we live.

AMPK responds to energy deficits in the cell by down - regulating energy consuming processes, which are often associated with cell growth, and up - regulating energy producing processes.

Researchers have uncovered a previously unknown biological process involving vitamin B12 and taurine that regulates the production of new bone cells.

In particular, they have examined the ways in which viruses hijack cell proteins to help regulate their exit and spread from the host cell through the budding process.

The body relies on cells to process and store energy, and changes in genes that regulate these functions can cause an imbalance that leads to excessive energy storage and weight gain.

The researchers also discovered an essential role for the mechanical properties, i.e. the physical stiffness, of the gel in regulating intestinal stem cell behavior, shedding light on how cells are able to sense, process and respond to physical stimuli.

«We know that the pathway is important for normal cells to carry their activities as it is involved in regulating metabolism, that is, how cells process nutrients to obtain energy and how cells use energy to grow.

One of the genes that MM41 blocks — the BCL - 2 gene — is involved in regulating apoptosis, the body's natural process which forces cells to die if they become too damaged or unhealthy to be repaired.

Understanding the role of the niche requires identifying the key cell types that regulate the numerous processes that take place within the niche.

In collaboration with the team of Eduard Sabidó at the Proteomics Unit of the Centre for Genomic Regulation and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, the researchers analyzed the proteins in Capsaspora to determine how the organism might be regulating its internal cell processes at different life stages.

«These new results from Dr. Liu and his colleagues also extend beyond understanding the function of an anti-sense RNA in the fine tuning of a cell's daily rhythm; they provide an example of the means by which anti-sense transcription likely regulates other key molecular and physiological processes in cells and organisms.»

Because the amount of ROS present in cells is tightly regulated by iron - dependent processes in the mitochondria (the cellular compartments in which energy is generated), the researchers had proposed iron import into the mitochondria to be essential for this process.

Opioid receptors are part of the different systems of cell communication and are capable of regulating physiological processes that require a high degree of coordination and communication between the different cell and tissue types.

While fish should need more and more TMAO to survive ever greater depths, higher concentrations of the compound also draw in more and more seawater through osmosis, the process by which cells regulate their water content.

This process is called metastasis and requires a whole network of genes to regulate the transformation of cell shape and mobilization.

In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of cell death that results from acute tissue injury and provokes an inflammatory response, PCD is carried out in a regulated process that generally confers advantages during an organism's life cycle.

«Contrary to what was believed for almost a century — says Prof. Alimonti — we have discovered that cells in prostate cancer need the mitochondrion, not to produce energy, rather to regulate a specific metabolic process.

«Our results show that the movement of mitochondria from stem cells to recipient cells is regulated by the protein Miro1 and is part of a well - directed process,» remarked Anurag Agrawal, Professor at the CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in Delhi, India, and one of the lead authors of the study.

RNA is a fundamental molecule that codes for protein and controls gene expression, playing a part in regulating many cell responses and vital processes.

The scientists discovered that the receptor helped regulate metabolic processes that control body weight, and reducing the number of p75 NTR in fat cells prevented weight gain in mice.

If you want to control the processes inside living cells, you have to confront the gatekeepers — the molecular pumps, pores and channels that regulate the transport of particles in and out of a cell.

They suspected that MSI1 — an RNA binding protein — might be important in this process because it is involved in regulating the pool of neural stem cells that are required for normal brain development.

There also could be arguments made for regulating cell - cultured meat under FDA's New Animal Drug Application process.

Those proteins include cyclins that regulate cell division, a process often disrupted in cancer.

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and play key roles in many biological processes, such as cell death and metabolism.

Horizontal cells process visual information by integrating and regulating input from rod and cone photoreceptors, which allow eyes to adjust to see well in both bright and dim light conditions.

Biology is rife with examples of modularity: the overwhelming majority of molecules in a cell is either part of an intracellular complex with modular activity, such as the ribosome, or participates in an extended (functional) module as a temporally regulated element of a relatively distinct process (e.g., signal amplification in a phosphorylation ‐ mediated signaling pathway).

The Dinneny lab focuses on understanding how developmental processes such as cell - type specification regulate responses to

The Sheffield team led by Dr Kurt De Vos and Dr Andy Grierson investigated the role of the C9orf72 protein in nerve cells and found it regulates the initiation of a vital process called «autophagy», which helps the cell to dispose of damaged proteins and cell parts, and recycles cell nutrients.

The consistent segregation of these regions, in the same way in every cell, suggests that these processes could drive chromosome and genome folding and thus regulate important cellular events such as DNA replication and cell division.

But itâ $ ™ s difficult not to think in terms of purpose or intent when looking at what cancers do. For example, Winship Cancer Institute scientists Abdessamad (Samad) Zerrouqi, Beata Pyrzynska, Dan Brat and Erwin Van Meir have a recent paper in Cancer Research examining how glioblastoma cells regulate the process of blood clotting.

A two - step process appears to regulate cell fate decisions for many types of developing cells, according to researchers from the University of Chicago.

Caption: Scientists have proven that these nanomaterials may regulate the formation of synapses, specialized structures through which the nerve cells communicate, and modulate biological mechanisms, such as the growth of neurons, as part of a self - regulating process.