Sentences with phrase «regulated by a molecule»

By analysing human endometrial cells implanted in mice, Jan Brosens at the University of Warwick, UK, and his colleagues discovered that the four - day window is regulated by a molecule called interleukin - 33.

Tight junctions, regulated by a molecule called zonulin, as well as by conformational changes in the proteins occludin and claudin, are dynamic intercellular structures that modulate the trafficking or passage of macromolecules from the intestinal lumen to the submucosa and into systemic circulation (Fasano, 2012).

Not exact matches

Some non-mechanical causative principle of order is required to explain, for example, why the molecules of living beings come together into specific shapes, why organisms develop specific characteristics or have the capacity to regulate their metabolism or readjust and reintegrate themselves holistically when injured or when challenged by their environment.

A decade of post-genomic biology has also focused new attention on the regions outside protein - coding genes, many of which are likely to have key functions, through regulating the expression of protein - coding genes and by making a slew of non-coding RNA molecules.

The research published in the journal Metabolism, examined a molecule called Lysyl oxidase (LOX) which regulates scarring by making tissue stiffer.

While analyzing molecules excreted by TRPV1 cells in search of anything that might be itch - specific, Hoon and his colleagues came across a small group of the neurons that produce natriuretic polypeptide b (Nppb), a hormone that regulates heart function and can also act as a neurotransmitter.

Cell biologists would like to reduce the complex communication patterns traced by molecules that regulate the health of the cell to a set of signaling rules.

The researchers also show that heart calcification can be prevented in mice by blocking an enzyme that regulates bone mineralization with small molecules.

By studying the regulation of the clock proteins called Period (PER) and Cryptochrome (CRY)-- proteins that are thought to be involved with metabolism — St. John and Doyle were able to model the mechanisms of two small - molecule drugs — Longdaysin and KL0001 — that regulate the expression of the clock proteins.

It was originally investigated in 1995 by pharmacologist Franco Borsini and a team of researchers at Boehringer Ingelheim Italia in Milan as an antidepressant because of its ability to regulate neurotransmitters — the brain's chemical - signaling molecules.

The findings uncovered an adaptation pathway comprising the normally antagonizing molecules FOXOs and c - Myc, which are regulated by epigenetic compounds.

Unbalanced signaling by two molecules that regulate breathing leads to sleep apnea in mice and rats, researchers report in the Jan. 23, 2017, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

«This is the first drug molecule that can regulate memory loss by directly blocking ions from leaking through nerve cell membranes,» said Ratnesh Lal, a professor of bioengineering at the University of California San Diego and co-senior author of the study.

Proteins can be regulated by a process called ubiquitination, in which an ubiquitin molecule is added to a protein.

In collaboration with researchers at the Lead Discovery Centre of the Max Planck Society in Germany, they developed an inhibitor molecule directed against the receptors that are regulated by Cbl - b in NK cells, the so called TAM - receptors.

The inhibition is regulated by different molecules in animals and plants,» explains NAIST Professor Masaaki Umeda, who studies the role of stem cells in plant growth.

Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have found a new way that internal body clocks are regulated by a type of molecule known as long non-coding RNA.

The team at the Institute of Radiation Biology led by Mike Atkinson and Natasa Anasasov have identified several more radiation regulated long non-coding RNA molecules, and are staring to unravel this exciting new aspect of the radiation response.

Carmichael and his team began by determining which molecules become more prevalent in the brain during the recovery period after a stroke, and listing all of the genes that are up - or down - regulated, which the researchers had previously identified during an earlier study.

It was recently announced that inhibition of PLK4 is going to clinical trials for breast cancer by researchers in Canada, so it is important to understand how this molecule is regulated.»

Moffitt researchers want to develop a fast, cost - effective blood test that can accurately differentiate low - risk IPMNs that can be monitored from high - risk IPMNs that need to be surgically removed by studying microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small molecules that regulate key genes involved in the development and progression of cancer.

Certain amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential molecules used by life to build structures like hair and skin and to regulate chemical reactions.

«The fact that bHLH - PAS proteins have ligand - binding pockets insides their architectures suggests they're regulated by small molecules that are naturally found in the body,» added Rastinejad.

When primary cultures from these mice are stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines, the endothelial cell fraction responds by up - regulating the inducible endothelial cell adhesion molecules, E-selectin and VCAM - 1.

The ability to up - regulate endothelial cell adhesion molecules after exposure to cytokines was unaffected by repeated subculturing of cells, because we noted identical staining patterns for passage 30 cells (we did attempt to extend this observation to include later passage cells).

By tracking single B cell receptor (BCR) molecules we have shown how the cortical cytoskeleton network regulates receptor signalling (Mattila et al. 2013; Treanor et al. 2011; Treanor et al. 2010).

We found that CD1 glycoproteins, a class of molecules responsible for the presentation of self and foreign lipids, are coordinately regulated by PPARγ activation.

Role of the clathrin terminal domain in regulating coated pit dynamics revealed by small molecule inhibition.

Regulating cell surface glycosylation by small molecule control of enzyme localization.

«Systemically and chronically blocking IKK2 activity is too toxic to be used in chemotherapy, but we might be able to target another molecule in the signaling pathway by which IKK2 regulates tumor growth.»

Traditional small molecules targeting ARE - regulated gene activation (e.g., bardoxolone, dimethyl fumarate) function by alkylating numerous proteins including Keap1, the controlling protein of Nrf2.

By labeling HAR1 molecules in human and macaque embryos, we discovered that the RNAs functioned in neurons during patterning and layout of the cortex, 6 a brain structure that expanded greatly in size during human evolution.7 Exactly which genes HAR1 is regulating remains to be determined.

Rothman came from a different background in cell biology to discover first serendipitously, and then with extensive follow - up work, that the same molecules identified by Scheller and Südhof also regulate the transfer of material between compartments in cells, as well as secretion by the process of exocytosis, thus showing the much broader significance of these proteins to biology in general.

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

Increasing the expression of PGRP - SC, the molecules that regulate the immune response to bacteria in the intestinal epithelium (a response that can be mimicked by drugs), restored microbial balance and halted overproiferation of stem cells, increasing life span.

eFFECTOR is pioneering a new class of small molecule drugs that act by selectively regulating translation, also known as protein synthesis.

Their discovery of the LDL receptor as the major molecule regulating cholesterol metabolism and its genetic disruption in the human disease familial hypercholesterolemia have been recognized by their receipt of numerous awards, including the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1985), the Albert D. Lasker Award in Basic Medical Research (1985), and the U.S. National Medal of Science (1988).

2017 Regulating «gasotransmitters» could improve care for sleep apnea Unbalanced signaling by two molecules that regulate breathing leads to sleep apnea in mice and rats.

A molecule best known for its involvement in pain perception also plays an important role in regulating body weight, according to new studies in mice by scientists at the Howard Hughes Medical...

Our results indicate that RhoH regulates FcεRI signaling in mast cells by facilitating Syk activation, possibly as an adaptor molecule for Syk.

In some cases, they help regulate inflammation by altering the activity of messaging molecules within our body's inflammatory system.

Albumin normally constitutes about 60 % of human plasma protein and plays an important role in regulating blood volume by maintaining the oncoosmotic pressure of blood needed to avoid edema, and by serving as the carrier for hydrophobic molecules, including lipid soluble hormones, bile salts, unconjugated bilirubin, free fatty acids (apoprotein), calcium, ions (transferrin), and some drugs (e.g., warfarin, phenobutazone, clofibrate & phenytoin).

The one cell thick lining of the gastrointestinal tract is normally tightly regulated by conformational changes in tight junctions, which supervise the paracellular trafficking of molecules from the intestinal lumen to the submucosa and into systemic circulation (2).

However, the finite mechanisms by which cellular signaling molecules function in concert to regulate skeletal muscle mass in response to nutritional manipulation remain to be elucidated.