Sentences with phrase «regulated by the brain»

It's known that this caloric thermostat needs to be regulated by the brain, but it has not been clear how it adjusts the burning of calories to how much food has been consumed.

Let me use breathing as an example of how it is difficult to «control» a physiological function that is regulated by the brain.

Physical activity involves a nearly infinite number of variations all regulated by the brain.

Not exact matches

Tomatoes contain other mood enhancers, such as folate and magnesium, as well as iron and vitamin B6, both needed by your brain to produce important mood - regulating neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

It is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it regulates brain and nerve cell activity by inhibiting the number of neurons firing in the brain.

The light produced by computer, phone or tablet screens is enough to interfere with the brain's production of melatonin, the hormone that regulates the sleep cycle.

Other added nutrients are DHA and Choline for brain nourishment, Prebiotics for aiding digestion, and nucleotides for immune health, among other fundamental vitamins and minerals regulated by the FDA.

Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37

Boldrini says that future research on the aging brain will continue to explore how neural cell proliferation, maturation, and survival are regulated by hormones, transcription factors, and other inter-cellular pathways.

Our sleep - wake cycle, or circadian rhythm, is the result of a complex balance between states of alertness and sleepiness regulated by a part of the brain called Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SNC); in puberty, shifts in our body clocks push optimal sleep later into the evening, making it extremely difficult for most teenagers to fall asleep before 11.00 pm.

So when the number of receptors you have is decreased, which we discovered happens in people who are addicted to drugs, what results is inappropriate function of the prefrontal areas of the brain that are regulated by dopamine.

Your biological clock is regulated by two broad factors: first, the central rhythm is reset daily by light, as sensory input from the eyes is processed by a small part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

«Much of this is regulated by support cells in the brain.

This protein is expressed at relatively high levels in proliferating precursors and non-neuronal cells but down - regulated in developing neurons by a brain - enriched regulatory RNA called miR - 9.

«The effect of sleep deprivation on pain sensitivity in operated and intact rats was virtually eliminated by pharmacologically blocking the action of adenosine in a brain region in the anterior hypothalamus known to regulate sleep, which is connected to major pain - related areas,» Vanini says.

They did this by testing tissue concentrations of fatty acids in liver, muscle and brain tissue, along with the expression of genes involved in regulating EPA status and its physiological benefits.

Using a mouse model, the team also demonstrated that two processes during neurodevelopment are regulated by the gene: proliferation — the replication of neuronal stem cells that have the potential to become multiple different kinds of cells, including neurons — and migration — the movement of neurons to specific locations in the brain during development.

A gene associated with the risk of schizophrenia regulates critical components of early brain development, according to a new study led by researchers from Penn State University.

Cocaine produces its addictive effects partially by acting on the brain's limbic system — a set of interconnected regions that regulate pleasure and motivation.

Researchers believe that baclofen may increase the brain's levels of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma - aminobutyric acid), involved in regulating the desire for addictive substances, by stimulating a subset of GABA receptors.

The brain is protected by a barrier of cells that tightly regulates the transport of substances into this organ in order to prevent infection.

Because these functions are largely regulated in the frontal brain regions, a portable brain - imaging device (functional near infrared spectroscopy) was used to examine associated changes in the frontal brain function by placing biosensors on students» foreheads during testing.

A long - standing theory is that people with TS gain control over their tics by developing self - regulating techniques to compensate, which in turn lead to a physical're - wiring» within the neural pathways of the brain.

Depression and anxiety are often caused by low levels of a brain chemical called serotonin, which is also crucial for regulating sleep.

A study conducted by researchers from the University of Zurich, Zurich University Hospital and the University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich now reveals that the successful treatment of an anxiety disorder alters key brain structures that are involved in processing and regulating emotions.

MHCI limits synapse density by inhibiting insulin receptors, which regulate the body's sugar metabolism and, in the brain, promote synapse formation.

Absence seizures are believed to be elicited by T - type calcium channels in the thalamic reticular nucleus of the brain that regulate influxes of calcium.

One of the channel's most intriguing roles is to regulate the frequency of nerve impulses conducted by the SCN, a structure located in the brain that acts as a master clock to synchronize circadian rhythms throughout the body.

The switch works by regulating the activity of a handful of sleep - promoting nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain.

It was originally investigated in 1995 by pharmacologist Franco Borsini and a team of researchers at Boehringer Ingelheim Italia in Milan as an antidepressant because of its ability to regulate neurotransmitters — the brain's chemical - signaling molecules.

In a typical brain the balance of sex hormones regulates RORA activity and keeps hormone levels steady, but any imbalance can be exacerbated by this loop.

The findings, published today in the journal Cell, give new insights into how the brain regulates body fat and may lead to more effective ways to lose weight and prevent obesity by promoting the conversion of white fat to brown fat.

Secreted by certain brain cells, APOE is known to regulate cholesterol metabolism within the brain and can bind to A-beta peptides, suggesting that the different forms of the protein may affect whether and how toxic A-beta plaques form.

The resulting rhythmic signals produced by this transfer of cations are what support the synchronous contraction of our heart muscles and neuronal firing in parts of the brain, like the thalamus, which helps regulate our sleep - wake cycle, or circadian rhythm.

The prefrontal cortex, known for controlling the executive function of the brain, is critically involved in the response to stress, by regulating the endocrine glands known as the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis.

The new study — published October 18, 2016 in the journal Molecular Psychiatry — combined genetic analysis of more than 9,000 human psychiatric patients with brain imaging, electrophysiology, and pharmacological experiments in mutant mice to suggest that mutations in the gene DIXDC1 may act as a general risk factor for psychiatric disease by interfering with the way the brain regulates connections between neurons.

Now, to enable widespread gene delivery throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, Caltech researchers have developed two new variants of a vector based on an adeno - associated virus (AAV): one that can efficiently ferry genetic cargo past the blood - brain barrier; and another that is efficiently picked up by peripheral neurons residing outside the brain and spinal cord, such as those that sense pain and regulate heart rate, respiration, and digestion.

The brain cells that formed when a father interacted with his offspring were also regulated by a hormone called prolactin.

«Goal - directed behaviour is regulated by large collection of interconnected brain regions.

Whether Arc is involved in regulating the plasticity of other neurological functions mediated by other brain structures, like learning, memory, or repair, remains to be tested but will be examined in the future, says Shepherd.

BREATHLESS Nerve endings in the lungs send signals — triggered by force - detecting proteins — to the brain and spinal cord that help regulate breathing.

Food consumption is controlled in part by the hypothalamus, a portion of the brain that regulates many essential behaviors.

It was known that astrocytes could regulate or modulate brain cell communication by adjusting levels of glutamate.

It is widely accepted that self - control is regulated by mechanisms in the brain area called the «prefrontal cortex,» with the ability to keep oneself at bay when tempted by immediately appealing offers.

These studies were done with the knowledge that the embryo and fetus develop under the control of hormones at parts per billion and parts trillion, and that as the baby matures hormone concentrations are regulated by sensitive, thermostat - like, feedback control systems in the brain.

Carmichael and his team began by determining which molecules become more prevalent in the brain during the recovery period after a stroke, and listing all of the genes that are up - or down - regulated, which the researchers had previously identified during an earlier study.

Appetite isn't regulated only by the brain, Sharkey explains.

The cancer gene BRCA1, which keeps tumors in the breast and ovaries at bay by producing proteins that repair damaged DNA, may also regulate brain size.

Sounds, such as music and noise, are capable of reliably affecting individuals» moods and emotions, possibly by regulating brain dopamine, a neurotransmitter strongly involved in emotional behavior and mood regulation.

Recent research by neuroscientist Fred Gage and colleagues at the University of California (UC), San Diego, has shown that one of the most common types of jumping gene in people, called L1, is particularly abundant in human stem cells in the brain that ultimately differentiate into neurons and plays an important role in regulating neuronal development and proliferation.