The research reviewed thus far indicates that: 1) having positive peer relationships is developmentally important for all children, whether ADHD or not; 2) low acceptance or
rejection by peers places children at risk for a host of serious negative outcomes; 3) peer impairment is present in both boys and girls with ADHD; 4) once rejected, overcoming a negative reputation with peers is extremely difficult; 5) once labeled «ADHD» by peers, a negative process is set in motion whereby children suffer more negative treatment by peers; and 6) treatment of peer problems in children with ADHD is extremely difficult — we have yet to identify a treatment method that normalizes the peer functioning of children with ADHD.
To understand why children with ADHD experience difficulties in their peer relationships, researchers have predominantly, if not nearly exclusively, focused on the characteristics of children with ADHD that contribute to social
rejection by their peers.
Although a sensitive teacher may be able to adapt the classroom to allow an able child with ADHD to succeed, more frequently the child experiences academic failure,
rejection by peers, and low self esteem (fig 2).
Narrative representations of caregivers and emotional dysregulation as predictors of maltreated children's
rejection by peers
The study identified in the school setting social
rejection by peers and low reciprocity in the proximal processes in school microsystem of the physically disabled student.
Approximately 10 - 13 % of school - aged children in the United States experience
rejection by their peers.
These kinds of externalizing problems have social consequences, namely
rejection by peers.
Young children's affective responses to acceptance and
rejection by peers: A computer - based task sensitive to variation in temperamental shyness and gender
There is necessarily a trade - off between doing well and
rejection by your peers when you come from a traditionally low - achieving group, especially when that group comes into contact with more outsiders.
«We found that more ADHD symptoms at age 4 predicted more
rejection by peers at age 6, and reciprocally, that greater peer rejection at age 4 predicted more symptoms of ADHD at age 6.
In a new longitudinal study from Norway, researchers investigated the bidirectional relationship between the development of ADHD symptoms in young children and
rejection by peers.
Fatigue, fearfulness,
rejection by her peers, and sudden interruptions are also frequent tantrum triggers.
In my experience, when I let go of the worry of
rejection by my peers (or anyone for that matter) is when the revelations from God just started flowing like a river and haven't stopped.
Not exact matches
Relationships with his friends, he thought, also contributed, as he suffered through «deeply hurtful
rejection»
by male
peers, along with «oscillations between reverence for and fear of typically masculine» classmates.
Even religion's most informed advocates are reluctant to speak of their faith in public settings for fear of
rejection by their intellectual
peers.
For girls, mood swings may be sparked
by hormonal changes before or during menstruation,
rejection from
peers, and increased pressures at school.
Kids who feel rejected
by peers become less motivated at school, which can lead to a downward spiral of lower achievement, increased behavior problems, and even more social
rejection.
Aided
by a passel of gifted actors who lend their voices, the characters face age - old problems like the loss of loved ones,
peer rejection, and what to have for dinner.
Alex's failure to display «task commitment,» his unwillingness to complete classwork, his extreme dislike of school, and his social
rejection by age
peers are unlikely to be listed as behavioral traits of gifted students.
He was, of course, aware of the
rejection that could be directed at him
by his professional avant - garde
peers and the unwelcome reception he could receive from parties for whom a landscape means conformity and lack of criticality.At that time, the»60s, he started framing his paintings with the gold - faced wooden strip that Greenbergian Colorfield painters were using.
He was, of course, aware of the
rejection that could be directed at him
by his professional avant - garde
peers and the unwelcome reception he could receive from parties for whom a landscape means conformity and lack of criticality.
Rejection by one's
peers sets in motion forces that lead to feelings of low self - worth, self - dislike, and lack of acceptance.
As children watch more violent television, they become more aggressive and exhibit fewer positive social behaviors.16 - 18 Aggressive behaviors have been associated with
peer rejection and less popularity.20, 21,39 Increased aggression influenced
by viewing violent television may prompt
peers to reject and socially isolate the aggressive child.
Physical, verbal and relational aggression have been identified as distinct entities in many cultures and countries.16, 17,18,19,20 Typically, physical aggression is viewed as unacceptable
by parents and is associated with
peer rejection in most countries.21, 22,16,23,24,25,8,26 Nevertheless, meta - analyses have demonstrated that cultures characterized
by collectivistic and Confucian values generally show lower levels of aggression, regardless of type, towards
peers than their Western counterparts.27
To address these limitations, we investigated how enduring relational adversity (e.g. chronic
rejection, victimization) and / or advantage (e.g. stable
peer acceptance, friendships) interfaced with children's aggressive dispositions to influence their adjustment.6 Variable - oriented analyses yielded findings consistent with an additive child
by environment model: with few exceptions, participation in
peer relationships predicted adjustment beyond children's aggressive risk status.
Although many studies have found correlations between
rejection (i.e., dislike)
by peers and later personality problems (Bagwell et al., 1998; Parker & Asher, 1987), it is seldom possible to tell whether the
rejection caused the later personality problems or early signs of these problems led to the
rejection.
Chronic exposure to the negative (e.g.
rejection / victimization
by peers or teachers, friendlessness) or positive aspects of these social experiences (e.g.
peer - group acceptance) has greater consequences for children's psychological and school adjustment than transient exposure.
Whereas in grade school
peer status referred to one's state of acceptance or
rejection from the classroom group,
by adolescence one's
peer status is complicated
by the nature of the various groups toward which one may seek and attain (or be refused) membership status.
Children who have ADHD have fewer friends, are less likely to be accepted
by their
peers, and are more likely to experience social
rejection during their teenage years, regardless of whether or not their symptoms of ADHD continue.
A
peer rejection index was obtained
by standardizing the score per class (Coie et al., 1982).
Anxious solitude and
peer exclusion predict social helplessness, upset affect, and vagal regulation in response to behavioral
rejection by a friend
For example, longitudinal studies show that growing up in poverty increases lifelong risk for various negative life events and negative health outcomes.12 - 14
Peer rejection and lack of friends are associated with the development of many disorders.15 - 17 Poor school performance in childhood is associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as unemployment.18 Witnessing community violence has been shown to be a mental health hazard for adults and children.19, 20 These major childhood adversities are not currently measured
by the ACE scale.
However, risks of maladjustment in children with early behavioural and emotional problems appear to be exacerbated
by peer rejection.
Indeed, although clique isolation,
peer rejection and friendlessness are regarded as distinct
peer relation problems, children who are isolated from cliques often have fewer reciprocated friendships and are less accepted
by their
peers than clique members (Wentzel and Caldwell 1997).
The relation between
peer - reported
rejection and depression was mediated
by perceived
rejection.
Although aggression is robustly (and very rapidly) linked to
peer rejection among children with ADHD, social isolation and lack of prosocial behavior may also predict children being less liked and more disliked
by their
peers [13, 15].
In other words, such effects may be more apparent in older children and adolescents with ADHD, as they accumulate an extensive history of
rejection by more popular
peers.
Future research can inform this question
by contrasting adolescents with a history of chronic
rejection and acceptance with a sample of adolescents with a stable average
peer status.
A multilevel design was used to examine day - to - day within - person relationships between parental and
peer rejection (measured
by CHS) and emotional eating (measured
by DEBQ - C) of youngsters.
Early experiences of
rejection by parents or
peers, for example, are associated with internalizing problems [9] and with insecure attachment status that increase the risk for depression [10].
For children with early emotion dysregulation, however, increased risk for mood dysregulation characterized
by anger, dysphoric mood, and suicidality — possibly indicative of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder — emerges only in the presence of low parental warmth and / or
peer rejection during middle childhood.