The observed regional changes are consistent in pattern and amount with the changes in SST and the assumption of a near - constant
relative humidity increase in water vapour mixing ratio.
As
the relative humidity increases, the effectiveness of sweating in cooling the body decreases.
As
the relative humidity increases, the effectiveness of sweating in cooling the body also decreases.
The researchers tested Cr - soc - MOF - 1's water adsorption properties and found that as
the relative humidity increases up to 55 %, the adsorbed amount of water gradually increases, followed by a steep water uptake between 60 and 75 % relative humidity.
The relative humidity increases as the surface temperature goes down, so it is directly related to the window staying warm.
Not exact matches
«We found that
relative humidity generally has been both
increasing in the Pacific Northwest and decreasing in the desert southwest over the last 30 years, reinforcing the patterns of winter melt in the Pacific Northwest and sublimation in the southwest.»
When they incorporated aerosol soot into the simulations, the resulting haze even more dramatically enhaced solar heating, thereby further
increasing temperatures and lowering
relative humidities.
Total column water vapour has
increased over the global oceans by 1.2 ± 0.3 % per decade from 1988 to 2004, consistent in pattern and amount with changes in SST and a fairly constant
relative humidity.
Across Montana, conditions that lead to high fire risk (i.e., likelihood of occurrence) are becoming more common: seasonal maximum temperatures are
increasing, snowmelt is occurring earlier, minimum
relative humidities are decreasing, and fuels are becoming drier (Jolly et al. 2015; Seager et al. 2015).
Direct heat created by wildfires and slash - and - burn agriculture similarly causes clouds to evaporate and reduces
relative humidity,
increasing the sun's penetration and raising temperatures.
Current state - of - the - art climate models predict that
increasing water vapor concentrations in warmer air will amplify the greenhouse effect created by anthropogenic greenhouse gases while maintaining nearly constant
relative humidity.
Increased temperature leads to increased evaporation from the sea, and thus to higher absolute humidity (assuming fixed relative humidity), and since H2O molecules are even more effective infrared absorbers than CO 2 molecules, the warming trend is re
Increased temperature leads to
increased evaporation from the sea, and thus to higher absolute humidity (assuming fixed relative humidity), and since H2O molecules are even more effective infrared absorbers than CO 2 molecules, the warming trend is re
increased evaporation from the sea, and thus to higher absolute
humidity (assuming fixed
relative humidity), and since H2O molecules are even more effective infrared absorbers than CO 2 molecules, the warming trend is reinforced.
Deaths may be reduced when infected puppies are reared in incubators at
increased temperatures (95 °F [35 °C], 50 %
relative humidity) and given adequate fluids and supportive therapy.
The air cools and expands as it is mixed and moves upward, and this cooling
increases the
relative humidity.
For example, they predicted the expansion of the Hadley cells, the poleward movement of storm tracks, the rising of the tropopause, the rising of the effective radiating altitude, the circulation of aerosols in the atmosphere, the modelling of the transmission of radiation through the atmosphere, the clear sky super greenhouse effect that results from
increased water vapor in the tropics, the near constancy of
relative humidity, and polar amplification, the cooling of the stratosphere while the troposphere warmed.
Specific
humidity content of the air has
increased, as expected as part of the conventional water vapor feedback, but in fact
relative humidity also
increased between 1950 and 1990, indicating a stronger water vapor feedback than given by the conventional assumption of fixed
relative humidity.
I think what Alastair is alluding to is the fact that, say by 2050 when the arctic ocean will conceivably be ice - free in the summer, the atmosphere will have a much higher
relative humidity than it has currently because of the open air = water interface, so this will have a magnifying effect beyond just the feedback from
increased CO2.
And come to think of it, why would we even expect clouds to
increase, given that
relative humidity is actually declining slightly over land, and staying constant over the oceans (as AR4 informs us?)
Both fire hazard indices
increased over this period, as a consequence of
increasing mean daily maximum temperature and decreasing minimum daily
relative humidity.
Now since
relative humidity remains roughly constant at the ocean surface and the air's capacity to hold water
increases with temperature,
relative humidity will actually decrease over land, particularly as one enters the continental interiors.
We expect, through the Clausius - Clapeyron equation, that the specific
humidity will
increase roughly 20 % in response to 3 degrees of warming provided the temperature and
humidity vary in such a way as to keep the global
relative humidity roughly constant.
The water vapor feedback (a generally positive feedback)-- there is an roughly exponential
increase in saturation water vapor pressure with
increasing temperature, and the
relative humidity (at a given vertical level) overall tends not to change a lot globally, though there will be different regional trends associated with shifting precipitation patterns.
Independent sources confirm that
relative humidity has declined while specific
humidity increased over North America.
Global rainfall
increases typically cause an overall reduction of specific
humidity (q) and
relative humidity (RH) in the upper tropospheric levels of the broader scale surrounding convection subsidence regions.
Short - term observations by Minschwaner + Dessler (2004) showed that SH
increased with warming, but only at less than one - fourth the amount required to maintain fixed
relative humidity.
The water vapor content of the atmosphere rises by about 50 percent if atmospheric temperatures were to
increase by 5C and
relative humidity remained constant.
Therefore, if the absolute
humidity were to remain the same as one moves from the coasts to the continental interiors,
relative humidity would actually
increase.
Given the Clausius - Clapeyron relationship, the
humidity of saturation
increases roughly 8 % for every 1 °C, doubling for every 10 °C, where
relative humidity remains roughly constant and therefore absolute
humidity increases at 8 % per 1 °C.
The absolute
humidity will be largely set by the oceans, so water vapor and will
increase but
relative humidity over land will largely decrease, resulting in less precipitation than one would otherwise expect, given Clausius - Clapeyron and a constant residence time.
An
increased greenhouse effect due to
humidity, CO2, aerosols or clouds is expected to produce a
relative increase of the minima with respect to the maxima and a decrease of the diurnal range.
Evaporation
increases with rising surface temperature, decreasing
relative humidity, and
increasing surface wind speed.
The average
relative humidity in cities is usually several percent lower than that of adjacent rural areas, primarily because of
increased runoff of precipitation and the lack of evapotranspiration from vegetation in urban areas.
With wNA forest loss, there are significant declines in both precipitation and temperature during the early growing season, however it is the change in the
relative humidity that dominates the observed
increase in VPD.
Fires are heavily controlled by regional weather, erupting with a sudden
increase in winds, plunging
relative humidity or soaring temperatures.
So, has
relative humidity been falling with
increasing CO2 concentrations?
The
increase in
relative humidity is due to warmer surface sea temperatures allowing greater evaporation and warmer polar conditions causing less condensation.
WebHubTelescope Bottom line is that the SURFACE specific
humidity increased while the
relative humidity decreased.
The strong correlation between
increasing temperature and decreasing
relative humidity trends agrees with that found by Vincent (Vincent et al; 2007)
A reduction in
relative humidity can occur even though water vapor pressure is
increasing if temperature is warming sufficiently.
Hence, decreases in
relative humidity occur at stations experiencing the largest temperature
increases in winter and spring as shown in Fig. 7.
The averages of these seasonal trends are 0.20 C / decade and 0.07 hPa / decade which correspond to a specific
humidity increase of 0.04 g / kg per decade and a
relative humidity reduction of 0.5 % / decade.
The
relative humidity suggests as well that the OLR from the water vapour in the spectral regions where figure 6 - A shows high optical thickness has been slowly
increasing, as the source of radiation to the cosmos moved to slightly «lower and warmer» layers.
For example, the atmospheric warming due to
increased CO2 might well be expected to
increase water evaporation so as to keep
Relative Humidity constant (albeit raising Specific
Humidity), so amplifying the small warming effect of CO2 itself.
Air in clouds and immediately next to the ocean surface is at or near 100 %
relative humidity, so as temperatures
increase the absolute
humidity there also
increases.
Is this point only about the radiative characteristics of the H2O vapour, and the assumption that
relative and / or specific
humidity should rise thanks to CO2 - induced
increased evaporation, which in turn would
increase downwelling heat radiation — or just the part that slightly hotter surface (due to CO2) also emits more heat to be trapped by the vater vapour?
One such feedback might exist if, as assumed in some models,
relative humidity is constant, so
increasing the temperature has the positive feedback of
increasing the water vapor.
28 Estimated Strength of Water Vapor Feedback Earliest studies suggest that if the absolute
humidity increases in proportion to the saturation vapor pressure (constant
relative humidity), this will give rise to a water vapor feedback that will double the sensitivity of climate compared to an assumption of fixed absolute
humidity.
The models also confirmed the link between
relative -
humidity and fire danger index in south - east Australia, but indicated that even in some areas of Australia where the computer models predicted an
increase in
relative humidity, the fire danger was still predicted to
increase.
Therefore, assuming that the
relative humidity remains about constant, the strength of the greenhouse effect will
increase with surface temperature.
The higher temperature resulted in the air holding the water vapor longer, so absolute
humidity in the lower troposphere did
increase, but the
relative humidity decreased.