Sentences with phrase «relatively warm surface»

In red the relatively warm surface flow is seen, in blue the cold deep water flow.

Experiments carried out in the OU Mars Simulation Chamber — specialised equipment, which is able to simulate the atmospheric conditions on Mars — reveal that Mars» thin atmosphere (about 7 mbar — compared to 1,000 mbar on Earth) combined with periods of relatively warm surface temperatures causes water flowing on the surface to violently boil.

The constant flow of relatively warmer surface water that started in the mid 60s from the equitorial atlantic produced a net increase in arctic ice melt, thus a colder southward current in the E Atlantic, giving the wrong impression of generalised cooling in the region.

«The constant flow of relatively warmer surface water that started in the mid 60s from the equitorial atlantic produced a net increase in arctic ice melt, thus a colder southward current in the E Atlantic»

Not exact matches

The spot where Europa's plumes appear to originate (left, with the green oval showing the 2014 occurrence and the blue oval showing the 2016 occurrence) is also the warmest spot on the icy moon's surface, shown in a heat map from the Galileo spacecraft (right, with lighter yellow contours showing relatively warmer regions).

Driven by stronger winds resulting from climate change, ocean waters in the Southern Ocean are mixing more powerfully, so that relatively warm deep water rises to the surface and eats away at the underside of the ice.

Glacier seismology is a relatively new area of science, but interest has been growing in the possibilities for detecting the extent of global warming's impact in the vibrations it causes beneath the Earth's surface.

OTEC is a relatively marginal alternative energy source that uses cold deep water and warm surface water to run the equivalent of a reverse fridge cycle.

Because the temperature of Ceres is relatively warm (between -93 ℃ and -33 ℃), water - ice exposed at the surface would rapidly convert into a gas in such a low - pressure environment.

A relatively tiny amount of nitrous oxide could have trapped enough of the Sun's energy inside ancient Earth's atmosphere to create warm surface conditions favourable to the evolution of life.

Catastrophic ice - shelf collapsed tend to occur after a relatively warm summer season, with increased surface melting [12].

Large - scale surface temperature reconstructions yield a generally consistent picture of temperature trends during the preceding millennium, including relatively warm conditions centered around A.D. 1000 (identified by some as the «Medieval Warm Period») and a relatively cold period (or «Little Ice Age») centered around 1warm conditions centered around A.D. 1000 (identified by some as the «Medieval Warm Period») and a relatively cold period (or «Little Ice Age») centered around 1Warm Period») and a relatively cold period (or «Little Ice Age») centered around 1700.

With its powerful suite of complementary science instruments, the mission soon revealed a towering plume of water ice and vapor, salts and organic materials that issues from relatively warm fractures on the wrinkled surface.

Our results support previous findings of a reduced rate of surface warming over the 2001 — 2014 period — a period in which anthropogenic forcing increased at a relatively constant rate.»

After relatively cooler ocean surface years, the increase is small, and after relatively warmer ocean surface years, the increase is large.

Alas the atmosphere has temperature, will radiate according to its temperature and close to the surface the temperature of that atmosphere is little different from the surface, very warm relatively, and radiates lots of energy.

Studying how that turbulence mixes relatively warm subsurface water with colder water at the surface.

The relatively warm water flowing through the glacier also carries surface heat deep inside the ice sheet far faster than it would otherwise penetrate by simple conduction.

Its hard to see how the oceans can be warming dramatically due to anthropogenic causes if the sea surface temperature (controlled for ENSO, ENSO afteraffects etc) is actually relatively stable.

East Coast winter storms, known as «nor» easters» because of the unusual northeasterly direction of the winds as the storm spirals in from the south, are unusual in that they derive their energy not just from large contrasts in temperature that drive most extratropical storm systems, but also from the energy released when water evaporates from the (relatively warm) ocean surface into the atmosphere.

Now if someone were to dsay, as Judith clearly did not although she had many opportunities to do so, that «concurrent with warming of our oceans there has been a relatively short - term hiatus in the trend of significant increase in global surface temperatures,» then I would not have a problem with the logic.

I can see how it might be reconciled with a relatively short - term «hiatus» (if you must) in the trend of significant increase in surface temperatures, but not with a «hiatus in warming.»

Most laypersons obtain information on global warming from news media, and on the surface it appears that public views concerning media coverage of global warming have been relatively stable over the past decade.

dana1981 - An additional part of that correction is that the deeper subsurface Antarctic waters are (relatively) warmer than surface waters, not colder as stated in the OP.

On the other hand, they attribute a relatively large surface warming (~ 0.7 °C) to the greenhouse gas increase from 1961 to 2010.

The paper discusses that melting ice will decrease the salinity of the ocean waters around Antarctica, which will cause decreased mixing with the relatively warmer deep ocean waters, reducing sea surface temperatures, causing more sea ice to form.

They become relatively warm because of the loss of evaporation as a cooling mechanism for the surface.

El Ni o an irregular variation of ocean current that, from January to February, flows off the west coast of South America, carrying warm, low - salinity, nutrient - poor water to the south; does not usually extend farther than a few degrees south of the Equator, but occasionally it does penetrate beyond 12 S, displacing the relatively cold Peruvian current; usually short - lived effects, but sometimes last more than a year, raising sea - surface temperatures along the coast of Peru and in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean, having disastrous effects on marine life and fishing

There is direct evidence from surface temperature data and atmospheric heat content data (both data sets with a relatively high level of maturity) of a plateau or hiatus of the warming for the past 16 years.

A new article co-authored by the other of us (Michael Mann), shows that natural ocean oscillations have recently acted to temporarily slow the warming of the Earth's surface temperatures, in combination with a relatively quiet sun, and active volcanoes.

The reason for this concentrated melting is due to the upwelling of relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water that lurks 300 feet below the surface.

New Dutch research has shown for instance the overturning has been relatively weak in recent years [which means cold water has accumulated close to the surface instead of sinking to deeper waters, one of two reasons why there has been a lull in upper ocean warming].

Large - scale surface temperature reconstructions yield a generally consistent picture of temperature trends during the preceding millennium, including relatively warm conditions centered around A.D. 1000 (identified by some as the «Medieval Warm Period») and a relatively cold period (or «Little Ice Age») centered around 1warm conditions centered around A.D. 1000 (identified by some as the «Medieval Warm Period») and a relatively cold period (or «Little Ice Age») centered around 1Warm Period») and a relatively cold period (or «Little Ice Age») centered around 1700.

''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»

By examining the spatial pattern of both types of climate variation, the scientists found that the anthropogenic global warming signal was relatively spatially uniform over the tropical oceans and thus would not have a large effect on the atmospheric circulation, whereas the PDO shift in the 1990s consisted of warming in the tropical west Pacific and cooling in the subtropical and east tropical Pacific, which would enhance the existing sea surface temperature difference and thus intensify the circulation.

Global average surface temperatures rose rapidly from the 1970s but have been relatively stable since the late 1990s, in a trend that has been seized upon by climate sceptics who question the science of man - made warming.

The West Antarctic Peninsula is bathed by relatively warm waters from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that comes close to the surface near the peninsula, and that current is gaining heat as the oceans warm, studies show.

The best way to envision the relation between ENSO and precipitation over East Africa is to regard the Indian Ocean as a mirror of the Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies [much like the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool creates such a SST mirror with the Atlantic Ocean too]: during a La Niña episode, waters in the eastern Pacific are relatively cool as strong trade winds blow the tropically Sun - warmed waters far towards the west.

Goodman's analysis is important because it shows that the particular adjustment procedure affects estimates of periodicity in the data, where the data are both relatively recent and pertinent to the warming or not of the Earth Surface in the period most affected by anthropogenic CO2.

Warming bottom waters in deeper parts of the ocean, where surface sediment is much colder than freezing and the hydrate stability zone is relatively thick, would not thaw hydrates near the sediment surface, but downward heat diffusion into the sediment column would thin the stability zone from below, causing basal hydrates to decompose, releasing gaseous methane.

Warm - core rings are also readily distinguished from the surrounding surface waters by their relatively low levels of biological production.

The relatively slow rate of warming over the past decade has lowered some estimates of climate sensitivity based on surface temperature records.

Maslowski in 2007 showed for the Arctic that you show more significant changes to the ocean and sea ice, which besides explaining why warming of surface air is lagging is the worst possible outcome as warm surface air by itself is relatively benign, but a restructured ocean - ice boundary system will result in major changes to coastal and continental weather in the long run.

On the contrary, whatever warm, hypersaline water sinks below the surface because of its great density is mixed relatively quickly by winds into the upper layer of the ocean, where it transfers its heat to colder parcels by conduction.

Historical analysis shows that for large parts of evolution the earth was dramatically warmer and that it is relatively recent that we have had persistent long term ice ages that have covered the earth in snow and ice and left 50 % or so of the surface of the earth harsh and deadly to life.

There could be other places for the energy to go (like a net warming of the oceans or convection of hte air drawing energy up from the surface) but I am pretty sure these are relatively small compared to evaporation & upward IR.

1 km above the surface warms much more than the tropopause, closer to the surface is convectively coupled to the relatively stable ground.

Thus, the static stability of the near - surface water increases and the convective mixing of cold surface water with the relatively warm subsurface water is reduced, thereby contributing to the reduction of sea surface temperature in the Circumpolar Ocean.