Sentences with phrase «released by neurons»

Dopamine — this functions as a neurotransmitter which is a chemical released by neurons or nerve cells to send signals to other nerve cells.

Hormonal signals released by neurons affect our moods, emotions, and appetites.

Emory researchers led by neurologist Manuel Yepes, MD have identified a protein released by neurons while the brain is recovering from a stroke. The results were published online today in Journal of Neuroscience.

Using optogenetics, they controlled the amount of dopamine released by neurons in the nucleus accumbens.

After serotonin is released by a neuron, an uptake receptor collects it from the synapse and recycles it.

Not exact matches

They discovered that pheromones secreted by the male mouse activate these neurons which, in turn, transmit this signal to another population of neurons (gonadotropin - releasing hormone neurons) to drive attraction to the opposite sex.

The bacteria, when injected into mice, activate a set of serotonin - releasing neurons in the brain — the same nerves targeted by Prozac.

When a neuron sends a message it releases the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is detected by the next neuron receiving the message.

The disease is caused by the accumulation of abnormally shaped α - synuclein proteins in neurons, leading to particularly toxic effects in dopamine - releasing cells located in brain regions that control movement.

However, peripheral nerves — nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord — are able to regenerate by releasing a variety of neurotrophic factors, which are protein - like molecules that support growth and maintenance of neurons.

In neurons, the protein complexin clamps otherwise spontaneous fusion by SNARE proteins, allowing neurotransmitters and other mediators to be secreted when and where they are needed as this clamp is released.

Eroglu's earlier work has shown that thrombospondins are released by brain cells called astrocytes and boost new synapse formation between neurons in the brain.

By means of microcultures, in which single sensory and motor neurons of Aplysia were plated together, miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials attributable to the spontaneous release of single transmitter quanta from individual presynaptic neurons were recorded and used to analyze long - term facilitation induced by repeated applications of 5 - hydroxytryptaminBy means of microcultures, in which single sensory and motor neurons of Aplysia were plated together, miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials attributable to the spontaneous release of single transmitter quanta from individual presynaptic neurons were recorded and used to analyze long - term facilitation induced by repeated applications of 5 - hydroxytryptaminby repeated applications of 5 - hydroxytryptamine.

Neurons release neurotransmitters that are taken up by specific receptors, but many glial cells receive and emit neurotransmitters that float through the brain as free agents.

Research conducted by Dr Bill Dew at the University of Lethbridge in Canada looked for the first time at the effect of the metal contaminants nickel and copper on specific fish olfactory sensory neurons, and how these affect the fish's ability to detect and swim away from an odour released by other fish of the same species (conspecifics) when a predator attack takes place.

The results indicate that the facilitation is caused by an increase in the number of transmitter quanta released by the presynaptic neuron.

Egg - laying behavior in Aplysia is mediated by a set of peptides, including egg - laying hormone (ELH), which are released by a cluster of identified neurons, the bag cells.

The researchers also report that the number of dopamine - releasing neurons in the substantia nigra — the neurons that die off in Parkinson's disease — declined by 17 % in the infected mice.

Now researchers report new evidence for such a link: Mice infected with the H5N1 avian influenza virus lose the same dopamine - releasing neurons that are destroyed by Parkinson's disease.

When methamphetamine is administered after a period of withdrawal, however, the dopamine released by the midbrain neurons has the opposite effect on the acetylcholine cells, prompting them to release the chemical into the striatum.

By genetically engineering flies that only released one of the two proteins, the Rockefeller group determined that a combination of the two is necessary to get the antennae neurons buzzing.

Her research suggested that T cells can also send signals that activate the brain's resident immune cells, microglia and blood - borne macrophages, telling them to protect the injured neurons from toxins released by the injury.

Astrocytes also form their own long - distance communication networks by «talking» via waves of calcium ions, and, like neurons, they can receive and release neurotransmitters.

But what about the original principle put forth by Dale that all axonal branches of a neuron release the same transmitter?

Building on that work, the current paper looked at a less lethal strain, the H1N1 «swine flu,» that does not infect neurons, but which, the researchers showed, still caused inflammation in the brain via inflammatory chemicals or cytokines released by immune cells involved in fighting the infection.

The researchers mimicked protein levels found in the brains of schizophrenics by elevating neuregulin 3 in cultured neurons, and found higher levels of neuregulin 3 suppresses glutamate release.

Genetic analysis of the activated cells in the two groups of mice showed that the neurons triggered by a full belly released glutamate, a chemical that nerve cells use to signal one another, while the neurons triggered by hunger released a different neurotransmitter, known as GABA.

The mechanism of presynaptic facilitation, therefore, may include activation of one or more serotonergic neurons, which enhance the release of a neurotransmitter by increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP in the terminals of the sensory neurons.

Radioactive carbon - 14 atoms released by atomic bombs are helping scientists determine the birthdays of new neurons in the hippocampus (inset).

More than 50 years later, scientists have found a way to use radioactive carbon isotopes released into the atmosphere by nuclear testing to settle a long - standing debate in neuroscience: Does the adult human brain produce new neurons?

Through studying the brains of these mice, the team uncovered that the faulty gene inhibits neurons, by releasing excess of the neurotransmitter GABA.

«Full» vesicles move toward the membrane of the nerve terminal, represented by the overall outline of the figure, where they attach and fuse into the terminal membrane, thereby releasing the transmitter into the space between neurons, the synaptic cleft.

The next major advance which moved this analysis from a cell physiological to a molecular level was accomplished by Scheller and Südhof who made overlapping contributions that characterized the proteins that controlled the two key steps of transmitter release: 1) They showed the mechanism by which the vesicle is mobilized to the release sites of the presynaptic terminal, where the synaptic vesicle first fuses with the membrane of the sending neuron and then leaves the cell, and 2) they also discovered how Ca2 + drives the vesicle to release its contents.

Gastrin - releasing peptide receptor mediates the excitation of preoptic GABAergic neurons by bombesin.

Others had shown that the neurotransmitter glutamate was released by some STG motor neurons.

Marder's PhD work - which earned her a paper in the journal Nature - was to reveal that a second neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, was released by other STG neurons.

Neurons communicate with each other through chemical signals that are released from one nerve terminal (pre-synapse) and received by another (post-synapse).

Previous studies suggested that 5 - HT released by the HSN motor neurons stimulates egg laying, and that tricyclic

Results: We show that galanin, a neuropeptide expressed in the small intestine, decreases duodenal contraction by stimulating nitric oxide release from enteric neurons.

Now, a research project co-chaired by Marc Claret, at the August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute — IDIBAPS, and Antonio Zorzano, at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), both members of the CIBERDEM network, reveals the connection between POMC neurons at the hypothalamus and the release of insulin by the pancreas and describes new molecular mechanisms involved in this connection.

The molecular mechanisms by which midbrain dopamine neurons acquire the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for synaptic release are revealed.

Brain hypoperfusion may be accompanied by excessive release of glutamate, inducing an excitotoxic effect on neurons.

The H reflex is regarded as a measure of α - motor neuron excitability at the spinal level, but it can also be affected by inhibitory effects from Golgi tendon organ Ib afferents or by factors affecting neurotransmitter release at the Ia / α - motor neuron synapse (Palmieri et al. 2004).

By blocking adenosine, caffeine increases the firing of neurons and release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine.

First, by interacting with CB1 receptors, the endogenous cannabinoids released will help inhibit the firing of cAMP into succeeding neurons.