Not exact matches
Yohe estimates the cost of achieving a more modest goal of holding warming to roughly 2 degrees C at a cost of 0.5 to 1.5 percent of gross domestic product for the U.S. by 2050, thanks to the expense incurred by, for example,
replacing existing coal - fired power plants
with renewables or retrofitting them
with carbon -
capture technology.
To cut our emissions, fossil fuels need to be
replaced with low -
carbon energy sources such as nuclear power and renewables, and fossil fuel power stations need to be fitted
with carbon -
capture technology.
Opportunity has a dark side, however: in the past, the increased demand tempted growers to clear natural forests and
replace them
with bamboo — a practice Ruiz - Pérez calls «completely crazy» from an environmental standpoint, because it erodes biodiversity and reduces the
carbon capture benefits.
Coal - to - liquid fuels
with carbon capture and storage could
replace about 15 — 20 % of current fuel consumption in the transportation sector (2 — 3 million barrels per day; the lower estimate holds if coal is also used to produce coal - and - biomass - to - liquid fuels) and would have lifecycle CO2 emissions similar to petroleum - based fuels.
Consequently, our proposed CES would include a percentage of natural gas when
replacing existing coal capacity, 25 coal
with carbon capture and sequestration, waste - to - energy, biomass, energy efficiency and nuclear power.
Climate targets mean older inefficient coal plants will have to be phased out or
replaced with new ones equipped
with carbon capture and storage, the IEA says.
If
carbon capture and storage becomes a reality, these sidelined coal - fired power plants can be torn down and
replaced with new technology, low - emission coal plants.
Not one of the few specific actionable proposals (such as the WWF proposal to
replace all fossil fuel fired plants
with renewables or Hansen's proposal to shut down all coal - fired power plants or a proposal posted here by Bridges to install
carbon capturing + sequestering facilities on half of all new coal plants) result in any perceptible reduction in global warming by 2100, all at exorbitant cost.
The oil companies are happy; a tax break they were afraid would be withdrawn does not go until 2010, and is being
replaced with a new break for investment in
carbon capture and storage projects.
The world must scale up technologies that
capture carbon dioxide, instead of
replacing the polluting fuels
with renewable sources, he added.