The BAI (21 items) is a self -
report measure of anxiety in adolescents and adults aged 17 — 80 years.
The CASI (18 items) is a self -
report measure of anxiety sensitivity in children ages 6 — 17 years.
Not exact matches
The study, which appears in the journal Pediatrics,
reports that maternal demoralization, a
measure of psychological distress capable
of affecting a mother's ability to cope with stressful situations, was linked with a number
of behavioral problems, including
anxiety, depression, attention problems, rule - breaking, externalizing problems, and aggressive behavior.
Staci Bilbo and colleagues at Duke University
reported November 18 that a similar high - fat diet in mice caused pregnant moms to gain more weight, and their offspring showed higher
anxiety and depression - like
measures compared to the offspring
of chow - fed moms.
Approximately half
of the students with
anxiety or depression
reported not having supportive relationships with their PIs, as
measured in a variety
of ways, including whether the students feel valued, whether their PIs have a positive impact on their mental well - being, and whether they feel that their PIs are assets to their careers.
These include patient -
reported outcome
measures on fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Scale), 10 physical function (SF - 36), 11 mood (Hospital
Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), 12 pain (visual analogue pain rating scale), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) 13 and quality
of life (EQ - 5D).14 Other services used one or more
of the NOD outcome
measures listed above, plus additional outcome
measures including the Work and Social Adjustment Scale.15
Frequency
of suicide attempts and acts
of self harm, number and duration
of inpatient admissions, service utilisation, and self
reported measures of depression,
anxiety, general symptom distress, interpersonal functioning, and social adjustment.
A 45 - item, self -
report measure used to assess the severity
of anxiety within six subgroups (generalised
anxiety, panic / agoraphobia, social phobia, separation
anxiety, obsessive — compulsive disorder and physical injury fears) alongside providing an overall
anxiety score.30 An analysis
of the internal consistency
of the SCAS31 produced a coefficient α
of 0.92 and a Guttman split half reliability
of 0.90.
The SPAI - C (26 items) is a self -
report measure of somatic, cognitive, and behavioral aspects
of social phobia and
anxiety in children ages 8 — 14 years.
The RCMAS (37 items) is a self -
report measure of generalized, nonspecific, nonsituationa1
anxiety in children ages 6 — 19 years.
The SAS - A (22 items) is a self -
report measure of adolescents» feelings
of social
anxiety in the context
of their peer relations.
The MASC (39 items) is a self -
report measure which assesses a wide spectrum
of common
anxiety disorders across children and adolescents ages 8 — 18 years.
The HFQ (5 items) is a self -
report measure of children's situational
anxiety aroused by the hospital setting, procedures, and personnel, intended for use with children ages 6 — 12 years.
Many
of the scales demonstrated weak psychometrics in at least one
of the following ways: (a) lack
of psychometric data [i.e., reliability and / or validity; e.g., HFQ, MASC, PBS, Social Adjustment Scale - Self -
Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e) lack of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases» of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f) lack of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a factor structure that lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the factor structure is often difficult to assess in studies of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion of somatic or physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies of children with pediatric physical conditions because physical symptoms may be a feature of the condition rather than an indicator of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations with measures of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child - report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsi
Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility
of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e) lack
of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases»
of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f) lack
of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a factor structure that lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the factor structure is often difficult to assess in studies
of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion
of somatic or physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies
of children with pediatric physical conditions because physical symptoms may be a feature
of the condition rather than an indicator
of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations with
measures of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child -
report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsi
report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a
measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsivity).
It is a brief self -
report 14 - item scale designed to
measure the two most common aspects
of mood disorder (
anxiety and depression) on a 0 - 3 verbal numerical scale (0: No distress - 3: maximum distress).
The SASC - R (22 items) is a self -
report measure of children's feelings
of social
anxiety in the context
of their peer relations.
To
measure self -
reported anxiety and depression, we used the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), which is scored between 0 and 30, with 12.5 signifying a likely episode
of depression.
Main outcome
measures Maternal
report of child externalising behaviour (child behavior checklist 1 1/2 -5 year old), parenting (parent behavior checklist), and maternal mental health (depression
anxiety stress scales) at 18 and 24 months.
This 36 - item self -
report measure of AAS yields continuous scores on attachment
anxiety (18 items, e.g. «I often worry that my partner will not want to stay with me»; from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree) and attachment avoidance (18 items, e.g. «I find it difficult to allow myself to depend on romantic partners») dimensions.
AAI, Adult Attachment Interview; AFFEX, System for Identifying Affect Expression by Holistic Judgement; AIM, Affect Intensity
Measure; AMBIANCE, Atypical Maternal Behaviour Instrument for Assessment and Classification; ASCT, Attachment Story Completion Task; BAI, Beck
Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BEST, Borderline Evaluation
of Severity over Time; BPD, borderline personality disorder; BPVS - II, British Picture Vocabulary Scale II; CASQ, Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire; CBCL, Child Behaviour Checklist; CDAS - R, Children's Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale - Revised; CDEQ, Children's Depressive Experiences Questionnaire; CDIB, Child Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines; CGAS, Child Global Assessment Schedule; CRSQ, Children's Response Style Questionnaire; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; DASS, Depression,
Anxiety, Stress Scales; DERS, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; DIB - R, Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders; EA, Emotional Availability Scales; ECRS, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale; EMBU, Swedish acronym for Own Memories Concerning Upbringing; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; FES, Family Environment Scale; FSS, Family Satisfaction Scale; FTRI, Family Trauma and Resilience Interview; IBQ - R, Infant Behaviour Questionnaire, Revised; IPPA, Inventory
of Parent and Peer Attachment; K - SADS, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children; KSADS - E, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Episodic Version; MMD, major depressive disorder; PACOTIS, Parental Cognitions and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale; PPQ, Perceived Parenting Quality Questionnaire; PD, personality disorder; PPVT - III, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition; PSI - SF, Parenting Stress Index Short Form; RSSC, Reassurance - Seeking Scale for Children; SCID - II, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM - IV; SCL -90-R, Symptom Checklist 90 Revised; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire; SEQ, Children's Self - Esteem Questionnaire; SIDP - IV, Structured Interview for DSM - IV Personality; SPPA, Self - Perception Profile for Adolescents; SSAGA, Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics
of Alcoholism; TCI, Temperament and Character Inventory; YCS, Youth Chronic Stress Interview; YSR, Youth Self -
Report.
Beck
Anxiety Inventory (BAI): This inventory developed by Beck and others (1988)[16] is a self - report scale which aims to measure the frequency of anxiety sy
Anxiety Inventory (BAI): This inventory developed by Beck and others (1988)[16] is a self -
report scale which aims to
measure the frequency
of anxiety sy
anxiety symptoms.
Primary efficacy
measure: response (Clinical Global Impressions Scale - Improvement (CGI - I) score
of very much or much improved based on the assessor's perception
of improvement,
anxiety scale scores and patient self -
report).
Therapeutic gains were maintained according to
measures of anxiety, self -
reported anxious self - talk, and self -
reported depression.
Steinberg, in a review
of authoritative parenting studies,
reports that adolescents from homes where authoritative parenting is the norm achieve more in school,
report less depression and
anxiety, and tend to score higher on
measures of self - reliance and self - esteem.
Nevertheless, many families with known and
measured risks for behaviour problems were recruited, with 39 %
of the sample at baseline
reporting the risk factors
of maternal depression,
anxiety, substance misuse, partner conflict, social isolation and / or financial problems.5
On
measures of parental adjustment, there was no significant difference in conditions at post-intervention based on mothers»
reports of depression,
anxiety, stress, and conflict with partners over parenting issues.
Measures utilized include Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), the Parenting Scale (PS), the Parent Daily
Report (PDR), Parenting Sense
of Competency Scale, (PSOC), Parent Problem Checklist (PPC), Depression
Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ).
Self -
report measures included the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Inventory
of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck
Anxiety Inventory (BAI)[both Beck inventories were later removed].
Measures utilized include the Childhood Maltreatment Interview Schedule, the Sexual Assault and Additional Interpersonal Violence Schedule, the Clinician - Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM — IV (SCID - I and SCID - II), the Modified Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (MPSS - SR), the General Expectancy for Negative Mood Regulation Scale (NMR), the Anger Expression subscale (Ax / Ex) from the State — Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State subscale
of the State — Trait
Anxiety Inventory (STAI — S), the Inventory
of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), the Social Adjustment Scale — Self
Report (SAS - SR), and the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI).
Measures utilized include Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disease (DSM - IV), the Clinician - Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Assault Information Interview (AII), the Treatment, Legal, and Drug Update Interview (UPDATE), the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire (SLESQ), the SCID Non-Patient Version, the PTSD Symptom Scale - Self -
Report (PSS - SR), the Impact
of Event Scale - Revised (IES - R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Dissociative Experiences Scale - II (DES - II), and the State - Trait
Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Compared with the passive control group, those in the intervention group showed significantly better post-training scores on
measures of IQ, inhibition, test
anxiety and teacher -
reported behaviour, attention and emotional symptoms.
The current study found changes in self -
reported attachment
anxiety over an average delay
of six days between pre-test and post-test
measures.
Internet administration
of self -
report measures commonly used in research on social
anxiety disorder: a psychometric evaluation
At minimum the
report should include the assessment (from patient or independent rater perspective, not therapist)
of at least two standardized outcome
measures, global functioning and target symptom (i.e. depression,
anxiety, etc), as well as one process
measure (i.e. therapeutic alliance, session depth, emotional experiencing, etc) evaluated on at least three separate occasions.
Optimally, such a
report would include several outcome
measures assessing a wide array
of functioning such as global functioning, target symptoms (i.e. depression,
anxiety, etc), subjective well - being, interpersonal functioning, social / occupational functioning and
measures of personality, as well as relevant process
measures evaluated at multiple times across treatment.
Eighty - nine adolescents (M age = 16.1 years, SD = 1.8 years) completed self -
report measures of parent and peer attachment, sympathy, academic efficacy, aggression,
anxiety, and depression.
The FEEL - KJ [26] is a 90 - item self -
report measure used to assess emotion regulation strategies in response to feelings
of anxiety, sadness, and anger.
In order to examine for possible state or trait effects, the aim
of the study was to examine the implicit emotional expression (by
measuring facial expression in response to a therapeutic video game) and explicit emotional expression (
measured by self
report of anxiety and anger) in BN patients, in both acute and recovered state compared with healthy controls.
The Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised (ECR - R; Fraley et al. 2000) is a self -
report measure with 36 items
measuring adult romantic attachment across two subscales: attachment - related
anxiety (fear
of abandonment and rejection) and attachment - related avoidance (fear
of closeness and discomfort with dependence on others).
In the realm
of trait variables, in a longitudinal study
of stable outpatients involving an initial assessment and a 9 - mo follow - up session, 24 those who scored high on a self -
report measure of trait
anxiety at the initial assessment and who experienced one or more «independent» stressful life events (ie, events not caused by patient behavior) during the month prior to the follow - up session showed significant increases in psychotic symptoms compared with those who either were low in trait
anxiety or had no independent stressful life events.
The aims
of the study were to examine implicit aspects
of emotional regulation by
measuring facial expression in response to a therapeutic video game (Islands), and explicit aspects
of emotional reactivity (i.e. anger and
anxiety),
measured by self -
reported questionnaires, in both acute and recovered states
of BN patients.
The DASS is a self -
report measure that indexes the emotional states
of depression,
anxiety and depression via three sub-scales
of 7 items each.
The findings for emotional symptoms are in line with studies from New Zealand showing that the number
of depressive episodes in adolescence was associated with later self -
reported welfare dependence after adjustment for confounding factors and comorbidity.17 In a study with an outcome
measure similar to that
of our study, Pape et al16
reported that
anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence increased the susceptibility
of receiving medical benefits in early adulthood in a Norwegian sample.
It should be kept in mind, however, that small - scale changes in parent
anxiety symptoms may be obscured by the use
of standardized
measures in this
report.
Main outcome
measures Maternal
report of child externalising behaviour (Child Behaviour Checklist), parenting (Parent Behaviour Checklist) and maternal mental health (Depression
Anxiety Stress Scales) when children were aged 3 years.
The ECR is a 36 - item self -
report questionnaire that
measures adult attachment along the two dimensions
of attachment
anxiety and avoidance.
Measuring Anxiety in Children: The Importance
of Separate Mother and Father
Reports.
A community sample
of adolescents (n = 127), at an age
of risk for depression and
anxiety, completed self -
report measures of emotional reactivity and internalizing symptoms.
Symptoms
of anxiety, depression, and aggression in non-clinical children: Relationships with self -
report and performance - based
measures of attention and effortful control
The Moderating Role
of Anxiety in the Associations
of Callous - Unemotional Traits with Self -
Report and Laboratory
Measures of Affective and Cognitive Empathy.