EIA's first
reported emission factors by coal rank, published in Electric Power Annual 1990, DOE / EIA -0348 (90)(Washington, DC, January 1992), p. 124, were as follows: anthracite, 209; bituminous coal, 209; subbituminous coal, 219; and lignite, 213.
Not exact matches
FrieslandCampina, Fonterra, and Arla have all refuted the GHG
emission amounts calculated by GRAIN, claiming that the conversion
factor used in the
report is inaccurate.
In its 2007
report, the IPCC concluded with 90 percent certainty that human - caused greenhouse gas
emissions have been the primary
factor in Earth's overall temperature rise since 1950.
The U.S. General Accounting Office — now the Government Accountability Office —
reported in 2001 that polluters rely on the estimates even though «facilities» actual
emissions can, and do, vary substantially from the published
factors.»
Greenhouse gas
emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere, widespread clearing of forests and agricultural activities are major
factors driving temperature increases since 1951, the
report states.
At present, nations
report methane
emissions in terms of CO2 equivalents, using GWP100 as the conversion
factor.
The 2015 edition of the EPA's annual
report «Light - Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide
Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends» estimates the following utility
factors for 2015 model year plug - in hybrids to represent the percentage of miles that will be driven using electricity by an average driver, whether in electric only or blended modes: 83 % for the BMW i3 REx, 66 % for the Chevrolet Volt, 45 % for the Ford Energi models, 43 % for the McLaren P1, 37 % for the BMW i8, and 29 % for the Toyota Prius PHV.
This
report, «Climate Stabilization Targets:
Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia,» provides a fresh degree - by - degree guide to impacts on river flows, rainfall, coasts and other
factors that matter enormously over the next few decades as human populations crest.
Indeed, the
report challenges a common belief that America's dramatic natural gas boom — made possible by the hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, of shale gas wells — is the main
factor in the decline of energy - related
emissions.
The NIRs contain detailed descriptive and numerical information and the CRFs contain summary, sectoral and trend tables for all greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions and removals, and sectoral background data tables for
reporting implied
emission factors and activity data.
By including a comprehensive assessment of all the
factors contributing to tourism - related
emissions, from transportation to souvenirs, the
report presents «a complete life - cycle assessment of global tourism, ensuring we don't miss any impacts,» senior study author Arunima Malik, of the University of Sydney in Australia, said in a statement.
The tables provide comparisons of implied
emission factors and activity data as
reported in the common
reporting format, data from international sources,
emissions, information on methods used and
emission factors as
reported by parties.
For information on actual
emission factors, the latest national inventory
report for the relevant Party should be consulted.
The updated NIR (2011)
report did not contain updated
emissions factors for road transportation, thus the 2010 values were utilized by Carbonzero (see Table 1 below).
Electricity
emissions factors were used from the National Inventory
Report Canada (2011): Part 3.
-- Where it is not possible to determine the precise electricity
emissions intensity
factor for an entity using the methodology in clause (i), the person selling electricity shall use the monthly average data
reported by the Energy Information Administration or collected and
reported by the Administrator for the utility serving the entity to determine the electricity
emissions intensity
factor.
A study undertaken by the Australian Conservation Foundation and the University of Sydney supports the fact that the decision whether to drive to the shops or not is not a major
factor in reducing
emissions: «Shopping habits represent such a large part of greenhouse gas
emissions that even if every household switched to renewable energy and stopped driving cars tomorrow, total household
emissions would fall by less than 20 percent», the Sydney Morning Herald
reports, quoting the study.
Of the
factors examined, CH4
emissions were best predicted by chlorophyll a concentrations (positive correlation, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.50, n = 31); CO2
emissions were best predicted by
reported mean annual precipitation (positive correlation, p = 0.04, R2 = 0.11, n = 33); and N2O
emissions were most strongly related to reservoir NO3 — concentrations (positive correlation, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.49, n = 18, table 3, supplemental figure S6).
If a company is not participating in a specific initiative that requires separating these two for
reporting purposes, it may be sufficient to clearly
report that the
emission factors being used include sources that would normally be categorized in Scope 2 and Scope 3.
Its main message — largely missing from news
reports and blogs alike — is that carbon
emissions interact with a wide range of other
factors, from volcanic activity to El Niño weather patterns, in determining the trajectory of global temperatures.
Among the ISO's new
report, it concluded that power system reliability is «heavily dependent on LNG and electricity imports,» and «more dual - fuel capability is also a key reliability
factor, but permitting for construction and
emissions is difficult.»
Nicholls et al. [11] tested scenario - driven variations of this «migration
factor» with values ranging between one and two and assumed coastward migration to potentially offset falling population trends beyond 2050 for A1 and B1 Special
Report on
Emissions Scenarios (SRES), resulting in a net increase of population exposed to coastal hazards.
The
report essentially puts a nail in the coffin to the idea of European - style cap - and - trade, saying existing policies of that sort «have not proved to be constraining to carbon
emissions» due to a variety of
factors.
Considering forest - threatening
factors such as fires, deforestation, and the
emission of greenhouse gases, the research found if the regions of the Amazon most crucial to maintaining the biome's climate are lost, large sections of the once lush rainforest may be reduced to a virtual desert.According to a
report from Globo Amazônia, the study conducted by Gilvan Sampaio of National Institute of Special Research (INPE) found that the vegetation of the Amazon will be particularly impacted by rising global temperatures in the years to come, in addition to the continued threats posed by deforestation and fires.