Although the exact measures differed, the absolute difference in the proportions of parents who reported ever slapping in the face or spanking with an object (overall: 4 %; randomization: 2 %; quasi-experimental: 6 %) was consistent with the 7 % difference in the proportions of parents who
reported spanking their child in the past week in the Early Head Start evaluation.31 The HS effect is noticeable, given the overall lower reports of corporal punishment (14 % in the HS control group, compared with 54 % in the Early Head Start control group).
Fifteen percent of fathers
reported spanking their 1 - year - old children in the previous month.
Nearly half said they had not spanked their three - year - old in the past month, while 27.9 percent said reported one or two spankings and 26.5
reported spanking more than twice.
Although most experts advise against corporal punishment, many parents still
report spanking is an effective discipline strategy.
We found that depressed fathers were much more likely to
report spanking their 1 - year - old children in the previous month compared with nondepressed fathers.
In multivariate analyses, depressed fathers were less likely to report reading to their children ≥ 3 days in a typical week (adjusted odds ratio: 0.38 [95 % confidence interval: 0.15 — 0.98]-RRB- and much more likely to
report spanking (adjusted odds ratio: 3.92 [95 % confidence interval: 1.23 — 12.5]-RRB-.
Not exact matches
Fewer rescuers than non-rescuers
reported being slapped,
spanked, kicked, and beaten or having their hair pulled by parents; 3) Many more non-rescuers than rescuers perceived punishment as gratuitous — a cathartic release of aggressiveness by parents; and 4) Rescuers most frequently used the word explained to describe parental approaches to correction and discipline.
Gershoff
reports that Straus and Stewart (1999) found that 94 % of American parents
spank their children by the ages of 3 or 4.
In a
report published in January of 2017, the American College of Pediatricians stated that research that claims
spanking is harmful is misled.
The Canadian authors of the
report, which is based on data collected from nearly 35,000 adult Americans, said their findings underscore that
spanking and other forms of harsh physical punishment are a matter not just of private behavior but of public health.
The CMAJ released
report argues that
spanking should be made illegal.
Two years later, the mothers who had
spanked their children more frequently
reported higher levels of aggression such as arguing, screaming, fighting, destroying things, cruelty or bullying in their five - year - olds.
However, it was
reported that as may as 90 % of parents
spank their children.
Riley says that over the past few decades people self
report that they are
spanking less.
About 70 % of parents
report that they have
spanked their children and yet research shows consistently that corporal punishment is never in the best interest of the child.
In 1 study34 of 320 middle - class parents who used
spanking for discipline, 85 %
reported feeling «moderate to high anger, remorse, or agitation» while
spanking their children.
Notably, in a national sample of 499 fathers of children under 3 years of age, Lyons - Ruth et al32 did not find an association between paternal depressive symptoms and
spanking but did
report an association between a father's depressive symptoms and his
report of «hitting, slapping, or shaking» his child.
Negative parenting behavior included fathers»
reports of
spanking their 1 - year - old children in the previous month.
Although associations between
spanking and maternal depression have been previously
reported, 31 this is the first study, to our knowledge, to
report an association between
spanking and paternal depression.
[George W. Holden, Paul A. Williamson and Grant W. O. Holland, Eavesdropping on the family: A pilot investigation of corporal punishment in the home] Previous studies using parental self -
reports have estimated that parents
spank about 18 times per year.
Not that this is brand
spanking new news, but I didn't see many sites or publications
report the ability to own the album and honestly, I didn't know either.
Gershoff
reports that Straus and Stewart (1999) found that 94 % of American parents
spank their children by the ages of 3 or 4.
Even in studies where a researcher does try hard to ask needed questions to separate normal
spanking from abuse, parents may not be honest in their
reports.
It is alleged that the boy told his school that his father
spanked him, prompting them to
report the incident to the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services.
Intervention families were 54 % less likely to
report the use of extreme disciplinary measures (ie, slapping the child's face or
spanking with an object) than UC families (adjusted RR, 0.46 [95 % CI, 0.29 - 0.73]-RRB-.
Regression modeling for the 4 most common disciplinary practices showed (P <.05) that black race, lack of Aid to Families With Dependent Children receipt, more - educated mothers, and female sex of child were associated with higher use of teaching or verbal assertion; a biological father in the home was associated with less use of limit setting; and black race and
report for child maltreatment were associated with more use of mild
spanking.
Exceptions to this generalization were that lower class parents were more likely to endorse
spanking as a response to an unsafe behavior on the part of the child, and middle / upper class parents
reported higher levels of reward for positive behavior (Horn et al, 2004).
One small study of EHS - HB found that low - income families
reported lower frequencies of
spanking at age three, 21 however, these results contradicted findings in other studies.
Healthy Steps families
reported reduced odds of using severe discipline (slap in face /
spank with object, 10.1 % vs 14.1 %; odds ratio: 0.68 [95 % confidence interval: 0.54 — 0.86]-RRB- and increased odds of often / almost always negotiating with their child (59.8 % vs 56.3 %; odds ratio: 1.20 [95 % confidence interval: 1.03 — 1.39]-RRB-.
In an article in a medical journal, Straus, Sugarman, and Giles - Sims (1997)
reported that children whose mothers administered frequent
spankings tended to become more aggressive over a 2 - year period.
Larzelere's team tested this prediction by re-analyzing data from an older study that
reported correlations between
spanking and antisocial behavior.
There may be a relationship between the
spanking of children, the type of neighborhood the children live in and the likelihood of a
report of abuse or neglect to Child... Read more →
Researchers examined families that
spanked against those that did not, and found that over the next three years, the children who were
spanked were
reported to have more behavioral issues than those who were not.
Both mothers and fathers in the IVM group and GDVM group
reported significantly less - frequent problem behaviors and less
spanking than the parents in the control group
reported.
This included both mothers» and fathers»
reports of total problem behaviors, mothers»
reports of occurrence and frequency of problem behaviors, mothers»
reports of negative behaviors, and both mothers» and fathers» use of
spanking.