Although the exact measures differed, the absolute difference in the proportions of parents who reported ever slapping in the face or spanking with an object (overall: 4 %; randomization: 2 %; quasi-experimental: 6 %) was consistent with the 7 % difference in the proportions of parents who
reported spanking their child in the past week in the Early Head Start evaluation.31 The HS effect is noticeable, given the overall lower reports of corporal punishment (14 % in the HS control group, compared with 54 % in the Early Head Start control group).
Not exact matches
Gershoff
reports that Straus and Stewart (1999) found that 94 % of American parents
spank their
children by the ages of 3 or 4.
Two years later, the mothers who had
spanked their
children more frequently
reported higher levels of aggression such as arguing, screaming, fighting, destroying things, cruelty or bullying in their five - year - olds.
However, it was
reported that as may as 90 % of parents
spank their
children.
About 70 % of parents
report that they have
spanked their
children and yet research shows consistently that corporal punishment is never in the best interest of the
child.
In 1 study34 of 320 middle - class parents who used
spanking for discipline, 85 %
reported feeling «moderate to high anger, remorse, or agitation» while
spanking their
children.
Notably, in a national sample of 499 fathers of
children under 3 years of age, Lyons - Ruth et al32 did not find an association between paternal depressive symptoms and
spanking but did
report an association between a father's depressive symptoms and his
report of «hitting, slapping, or shaking» his
child.
We found that depressed fathers were much more likely to
report spanking their 1 - year - old
children in the previous month compared with nondepressed fathers.
Negative parenting behavior included fathers»
reports of
spanking their 1 - year - old
children in the previous month.
In multivariate analyses, depressed fathers were less likely to
report reading to their
children ≥ 3 days in a typical week (adjusted odds ratio: 0.38 [95 % confidence interval: 0.15 — 0.98]-RRB- and much more likely to
report spanking (adjusted odds ratio: 3.92 [95 % confidence interval: 1.23 — 12.5]-RRB-.
Fifteen percent of fathers
reported spanking their 1 - year - old
children in the previous month.
Gershoff
reports that Straus and Stewart (1999) found that 94 % of American parents
spank their
children by the ages of 3 or 4.
It is alleged that the boy told his school that his father
spanked him, prompting them to
report the incident to the Los Angeles County Department of
Children and Family Services.
Intervention families were 54 % less likely to
report the use of extreme disciplinary measures (ie, slapping the
child's face or
spanking with an object) than UC families (adjusted RR, 0.46 [95 % CI, 0.29 - 0.73]-RRB-.
Regression modeling for the 4 most common disciplinary practices showed (P <.05) that black race, lack of Aid to Families With Dependent
Children receipt, more - educated mothers, and female sex of
child were associated with higher use of teaching or verbal assertion; a biological father in the home was associated with less use of limit setting; and black race and
report for
child maltreatment were associated with more use of mild
spanking.
Exceptions to this generalization were that lower class parents were more likely to endorse
spanking as a response to an unsafe behavior on the part of the
child, and middle / upper class parents
reported higher levels of reward for positive behavior (Horn et al, 2004).
Healthy Steps families
reported reduced odds of using severe discipline (slap in face /
spank with object, 10.1 % vs 14.1 %; odds ratio: 0.68 [95 % confidence interval: 0.54 — 0.86]-RRB- and increased odds of often / almost always negotiating with their
child (59.8 % vs 56.3 %; odds ratio: 1.20 [95 % confidence interval: 1.03 — 1.39]-RRB-.
In an article in a medical journal, Straus, Sugarman, and Giles - Sims (1997)
reported that
children whose mothers administered frequent
spankings tended to become more aggressive over a 2 - year period.
There may be a relationship between the
spanking of
children, the type of neighborhood the
children live in and the likelihood of a
report of abuse or neglect to
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Researchers examined families that
spanked against those that did not, and found that over the next three years, the
children who were
spanked were
reported to have more behavioral issues than those who were not.