Although we used aggregate scores based on father - reports and mother -
reports of child behavior problems and we observed child prosocial behavior in the home, future studies should include observations of child externalizing problems and interviews of child internalizing problems (e.g., the Berkeley Puppet Interview; Ringoot et al. 2013) to avoid potential response biases based on parents» own psychological difficulties.
Parent and teacher
reports of child behavior problems were obtained at ages 5, 6, and 9 years by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).34 The SDQ is a 30 - item scale designed to assess a number of child behavior domains, including externalizing behaviors (conduct problems and hyperactivity / inattention) and internalizing behaviors (emotionality and peer difficulties) during the 6 months before assessment.
Anna S. Lau and others, 8220; Abusive Parents8217;
Reports of Child Behavior Problems: Relationship to Observed Parent - Child Interactions, 8221; Child Abuse Neglect, 30, no. 6 (2006): 639, 8211; 55.
Results showed that, for both low - income and middle - income families, parental
reports of child behavior problems, parent attitudes, and parent problem - solving skills improved significantly from before parent training to after with the CSP program.
For example, Najman et al. (2000) suggest that: «Current maternal mental health impairment appears to have a substantial effect on
the reporting of child behavior problems by the mother, thereby raising questions about the validity of reports of child behavior by persons who are currently emotionally distressed» (p. 253).
Not exact matches
Mothers
of 66
children who had celiac disease but didn't know it yet
reported more
child anxiety and depression, withdrawn
behavior, aggressive
behavior, and sleep
problems when compared to the more than 3,651 mothers
of children who did not have celiac disease at all.
Participants» parents completed an assessment
of their
children's
behavior when the
children were either 5 or 7 years old,
reporting on
behaviors related to anxiety, conduct
problems, and hyperactivity.
The study also found that
children and adolescents who experience higher levels
of overt victimization
report higher levels
of overt aggression and lower levels
of prosocial support, and exhibit more externalizing
behavior such as delinquency, impulsivity, and conduct
problems.
Parents
of children with ADHD were also much more likely to
report that their
children have difficulty falling asleep, to
report concern about their
child's sleep habits, and fear that sleep
problems may be leading to
behavior issues.
The higher odds
of prevalence
of asthma and obesity among ethnic minority
children contributed to these differences, although ethnic minority
children were less likely to have
reported other physical conditions and
behavior / learning
problems.
Teachers
reported a trend toward fewer
problem behaviors, an improvement in academic functioning, and a decrease in symptoms
of anxiety among anxious
children after six weeks
of mindfulness training.
Although the risks
of behavior problems among
children in
child care programs are low, McCartney and her colleagues did find a correlation between the number
of hours spent in
child care each week and the likelihood
of adults to
report disobedience, aggressiveness, or assertive
behavior such as bragging and demanding attention.
Read stories to the
children and taught them painting, drawing and crafts.Employed a variety
of materials for
children to explore and manipulate in learning activities and imaginative play.Disciplined
children and recommended other measures to correct behavior.Carefully monitored
children's play activities.Offered detailed daily
reports that outlined each
child's activities.Incorporated music and art activities to encourage creativity and expression.Maintained daily records
of activities,
behaviors, meals and snack time.Carefully identified warning signs
of emotional and developmental
problems in
children.Routinely picked
children up from school and activities.Escorted
children on outings and trips to local parks and zoos.
Read stories to the
children and taught them painting, drawing and crafts.Employed a variety
of materials for
children to explore and manipulate in learning activities and imaginative play.Disciplined
children and recommended other measures to correct behavior.Carefully monitored
children's play activities.Offered detailed daily
reports that outlined each
child's activities.Incorporated music and art activities to encourage creativity and expression.Maintained daily records
of activities,
behaviors, meals and naps.Carefully identified warning signs
of emotional and developmental
problems in
children.Created and implemented a developmentally appropriate curriculum.Upheld aUpheld all CPR and -LSB--RSB- regulated certifications.Offered stimulating curriculum that accommodated all learning styles.Led reading classes for preschool - aged
children.Sparked creativity and imagination by helping
children discover new things each day.
Parents
reported significant reductions in
child behavior problems for both internalizing and externalizing
behaviors, as well as in total number
of reported behavior problems.
Differential predictive value
of parents» and teachers»
reports of children's
problem behaviors: A longitudinal study
Objective To
report the feasibility and preliminary efficacy
of a Web - based parenting skills program to reduce
behavior problems following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in young
children.
Results showed relationships between measures
of parenting and adolescent
problem behavior outcomes are not uniform across reporters or across
behaviors, and that, in some cases, the discrepancies between
child and parent
report may be important.
These findings demonstrating enhanced
child and parent benefits associated with collaborative care extend those
reported in quality improvement interventions for
child behavior problems, 13,14 ADHD, 6 — 8 adolescent depression, 10,11 and other
problems.5 In the follow - up period, EUC showed significantly greater remission since posttreatment in
behavior problems than DOCC, which may reflect DOCC patients having achieved greater remission by the end
of treatment.
Behavior problems and competencies
reported by parents
of normal and disturbed
children aged four through sixteen.
The higher odds
of prevalence
of asthma and obesity among ethnic minority
children contributed to these differences, although ethnic minority
children were less likely to have
reported other physical conditions and
behavior / learning
problems.
Group differences in the
Child Behavior Checklist scores showed that parents in the intervention group reported higher scores than those in the UC group on the aggressive behavior subscale (7.74 vs 6.80; adjusted β, 0.83 [95 % CI, 0.37 - 1.30]-RRB-, although neither group reached a subscale score of clinical significance (the cutoff for this age is 22 years)(Table 3).14 There were no group differences in reported sleep problems or problems with depression or
Behavior Checklist scores showed that parents in the intervention group
reported higher scores than those in the UC group on the aggressive
behavior subscale (7.74 vs 6.80; adjusted β, 0.83 [95 % CI, 0.37 - 1.30]-RRB-, although neither group reached a subscale score of clinical significance (the cutoff for this age is 22 years)(Table 3).14 There were no group differences in reported sleep problems or problems with depression or
behavior subscale (7.74 vs 6.80; adjusted β, 0.83 [95 % CI, 0.37 - 1.30]-RRB-, although neither group reached a subscale score
of clinical significance (the cutoff for this age is 22 years)(Table 3).14 There were no group differences in
reported sleep
problems or
problems with depression or anxiety.
Gould
reports that adult
children of divorced parents
report less satisfaction with sole custody arrangements than any other arrangement, and an assortment
of behavior problems are associated with loss
of contact with one parent.
Parental mental illness Relatively little has been written about the effect
of serious and persistent parental mental illness on
child abuse, although many studies show that substantial proportions
of mentally ill mothers are living away from their
children.14 Much
of the discussion about the effect
of maternal mental illness on
child abuse focuses on the poverty and homeless - ness
of mothers who are mentally ill, as well as on the
behavior problems of their
children — all issues that are correlated with involvement with
child welfare services.15 Jennifer Culhane and her colleagues followed a five - year birth cohort among women who had ever been homeless and found an elevated rate
of involvement with
child welfare services and a nearly seven - times - higher rate
of having
children placed into foster care.16 More direct evidence on the relationship between maternal mental illness and
child abuse in the general population, however, is strikingly scarce, especially given the 23 percent rate
of self -
reported major depression in the previous twelve months among mothers involved with
child welfare services, as shown in NSCAW.17
Differences between raters were also expected to lead to higher levels
of depressive symptoms in young people with chronic illnesses in studies that used parent ratings as a measure
of depressive symptoms (e.g., the Affective
Problems scale
of the
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); Achenbach, Dumenci, & Rescorla, 2003) than in studies that used self - reports of the c
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); Achenbach, Dumenci, & Rescorla, 2003) than in studies that used self -
reports of the
childchild.
Positive parenting practices (e.g., parental support, monitoring, avoiding harsh punishment) are associated with positive
child outcomes, such as better adjustment, higher self - esteem, higher grades, fewer
behavior problems, and lower
reports of deviance among school - age
children.6 Even if programs target parents
of young
children, parents may be able to use the skills they develop for years into the future or to help parent older
children.
[21] One promising, peer - led intervention for conduct disorder
reported significant reduction
of child behavior problems and improvement in parenting competencies.
The
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for children aged 2 to 3 years measured parents» perceptions of their children's behavioral problems.24 Means of 3 CBCL subscales (aggressive behavior, anxious or depressed, sleep problems) were r
Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for
children aged 2 to 3 years measured parents» perceptions
of their
children's behavioral
problems.24 Means
of 3 CBCL subscales (aggressive
behavior, anxious or depressed, sleep problems) were r
behavior, anxious or depressed, sleep
problems) were
reported.
Evaluation results demonstrated both enhanced quality
of care and promotion
of more - favorable parenting practices related to perceptions
of children's
behavior at 30 to 33 months, discipline at 30 to 33 months, and health care seeking at 2 to 4 months and 30 to 33 months.4 — 7 In addition, HS reduced income disparities in the use
of preventive services and enhanced parents» satisfaction with care at 30 to 33 months.8 Using observational data and a longitudinal sample, Caughy et al9
reported that participation in HS was associated with positive
child development outcomes, including greater attachment and fewer
child behavior problems when
children were 34 to 37 months
of age.
Prevention
of Problem Behavior Through Annual Family Check - Ups in Early Childhood: Intervention Effects From Home to Early Elementary School Dishion, Brennan, Shaw, McEachern, Wilson, & Jo (2014) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42 (8) View Abstract Reviews a randomized intervention trial that examined the effects of yearly Family Check - Ups (FCUs) and tailored parent management training on parent report of problem behavior in children age 2 to 5 years and teacher report of oppositional behavior at
Problem Behavior Through Annual Family Check - Ups in Early Childhood: Intervention Effects From Home to Early Elementary School Dishion, Brennan, Shaw, McEachern, Wilson, & Jo (2014) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42 (8) View Abstract Reviews a randomized intervention trial that examined the effects of yearly Family Check - Ups (FCUs) and tailored parent management training on parent report of problem behavior in children age 2 to 5 years and teacher report of oppositional behavior a
Behavior Through Annual Family Check - Ups in Early Childhood: Intervention Effects From Home to Early Elementary School Dishion, Brennan, Shaw, McEachern, Wilson, & Jo (2014) Journal
of Abnormal
Child Psychology, 42 (8) View Abstract Reviews a randomized intervention trial that examined the effects
of yearly Family Check - Ups (FCUs) and tailored parent management training on parent
report of problem behavior in children age 2 to 5 years and teacher report of oppositional behavior at
problem behavior in children age 2 to 5 years and teacher report of oppositional behavior a
behavior in
children age 2 to 5 years and teacher
report of oppositional
behavior a
behavior at age 7.
NFP showed a favorable effect on the number
of child behavioral / parental coping
problems in the physician's record35 but an unfavorable / ambiguous effect on the
child's resistance to eating.49 HFA did not show any effects on health outcomes such as whether the
child was anxious or withdrawn, 50 and EHS did not show an effect on 2 outcomes:
child's health status and percentage
of parents
reporting children with fair or poor health.51, 52 Outcomes on health
behaviors or other health outcomes were not
reported in the research on the remaining programs.
Mothers in the intervention group had increased
reporting of aggressive
behavior and
problems sleeping compared with control mothers, and comparable perceptions
of anxious or depressed
behaviors in their
children.
Consistent with earlier findings, the mean scores for mothers» responses on the
Child Behavior Checklist (externalizing and each syndrome) were comparable to those for nonreferred
children reported by Achenbach and Rescorla, 25 which indicated that levels
of behavioral
problems for HS
children were similar to those for generally healthy
children.
Steinberg and his colleagues found that teenagers who gave unfavorable
reports of their parents»
child - rearing methods and who
reported more
problem behavior (Lamborn et al., 1991)
reported even more
problem behavior 1 year later (Steinberg et al., 1994).
For a good example
of such a study, which came to quite different findings about the impact
of divorce than did earlier studies, see CCF Briefing
Report, «The Impact
of Divorce on
Children's
Behavior Problems,» (Li, 2008).
Results showed that parents in the 16 - week group training conditions
reported more stable perceptions
of children's
problem behaviors and those in the couples groups
reported more stable levels
of relationship satisfaction.
• Significantly higher English language skills; • Fewer parent
reports of problem behaviors; and • More positive parent -
child interactions than
children who did not attend Educare.
The
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to predict parent -
reported behavioural / emotional
problems in 125 10 — 15 year - old congenital heart disease
children from: (1) biographical status (2) medical history (3) heart surgery (4) short - term post-operative course and (5) number
of heart operations and (6) extra cardiac concomitant anomalies.
Results indicated that a significant reduction in parenting stress occurred for mothers as a result
of the intervention and parents
reported increased empathy for
child problem behaviors.
Both treatments also resulted in significant improvements in
child behavior problems as measured by parent
reports of three
child behaviors of concern to them.
Results indicate that both intervention groups
reported significantly decreased
child problem behaviors, dysfunctional parenting, parental depression, and parental stress at the end
of the intervention as compared to the control group.
Results indicate participants in the 1 -2-3 Magic group
reported significantly less
problem behaviors for their
children, and significantly less dysfunctional parenting, at the end
of the intervention when compared to the control group.
The strength
of the relationship with fathers» antisocial
behavior was weak, but this could be a measurement
problem, because we had to rely on mothers»
reports when fathers were not living with their
children and could not be located or convinced to participate.
The measure used to assess
behavior included disciplinary records (for only a subsample of six schools, of which three were control and three were intervention schools); the Problem Behavior Frequency Scales; the Children's Report of Exposure to Violence; Peer Provocation Scale; Life Satisfaction Scale; the RIPP Knowledge Test; the Problem Situation Inventory; the Beliefs Supporting Aggression Scale; the Attitude Toward Conflict Scale; and the Peer Support for Nonviolenc
behavior included disciplinary records (for only a subsample
of six schools,
of which three were control and three were intervention schools); the
Problem Behavior Frequency Scales; the Children's Report of Exposure to Violence; Peer Provocation Scale; Life Satisfaction Scale; the RIPP Knowledge Test; the Problem Situation Inventory; the Beliefs Supporting Aggression Scale; the Attitude Toward Conflict Scale; and the Peer Support for Nonviolenc
Behavior Frequency Scales; the
Children's
Report of Exposure to Violence; Peer Provocation Scale; Life Satisfaction Scale; the RIPP Knowledge Test; the
Problem Situation Inventory; the Beliefs Supporting Aggression Scale; the Attitude Toward Conflict Scale; and the Peer Support for Nonviolence Scale.
Teacher
reports of conflict, but not closeness, have been found to be modestly related to efficacy beliefs
of teachers (Spilt 2010; Yeo et al. 2008), and to self -
reported depression
of preschool teachers when conflict was higher than expected based on teacher perceptions
of child problem behavior (Hamre et al. 2008).
Immediate post-treatment factors predicting negative outcomes (delinquent acts) were maternal
reports of behavior problems and observed mother —
child coercion, indicating that in families where levels
of parent -
child coercion are still high post-treatment, further intervention may be warranted to prevent future
problems.
Intervention effects occurred predominantly among families
reporting high levels
of problem behavior at
child age 2.
Single - parent mothers in the Level 4 Triple P intervention did not
report significant changes in parenting or
child problem behavior which is primarily due to inexplicable high positive effects in single parent mothers
of the control group.
At age 3, the primary caregivers» partners, most
of whom were fathers (89.5 %)
reported on
problem behavior of the
child.
Significant reductions in anxiety symptoms and
behavior problems were found for those
children who
reported clinically elevated levels
of anxiety at pretest.