With 44 phonemes (sounds) in the English language and only 26 letters in the alphabet you are always going to need two -, three -, and even four - letter combinations to
represent some phonemes.
The purpose of phonics is to quickly develop pupils» phonemic awareness, which is their ability to hear, identify, and use phonemes (the smallest unit of spoken language), and to teach them the relationship between phonemes and the graphemes (a letter or combination of letters used to
represent a phoneme) that represent them.
Not exact matches
The pronunciation of a word is
represented as a series of basic sound units called
phonemes.
For instance, «white» can be
represented by the
phoneme sequence «W - AY - T» («AY» is used to
represent the sound of the letter «i» in «white»).
Each
phoneme is further divided into a sequence of states — the «beads» — which
represent how the sound power spectrum changes over the duration of a
phoneme.
The fact is that our written language is morphophonemic, which means we can not pronounce a word until we know what
phonemes the graphemes are
representing within a morpheme, and we must consider the history (etymology) of the word.
The three
phonemes that make up the word (we might
represent them as «k» and «uh» and «p») are visually
represented in writing as «cup.»
Some
phonemes can be
represented by more than one letter (for example, a / k / sound can be written with the letter C or the letter K, or even CK).
Aware that some English
phonemes such as the sounds
represented by / th / in either and ether are present in few other languages, teachers can demonstrate how the / th / sounds are formed (with the tongue and front teeth) and can help their students practice pronouncing words that feature these sounds.
Phonics teaching involves six phases in which children learn how to read and spell using progressively harder
phonemes and graphemes — sounds and the letters that
represent them.
Each
phoneme that a child hears and
represents with a letter is an indication that the child is decoding sounds that correspond to distinct letters.
Thin black lines connect these groupings that are used to
represent basic units of speech, or
phonemes.
Arpabet, a development of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) as a part of their Speech Understanding Project, is a phonetic transcription code that breaks down words into
phonemes which are then
represented as a sequence of ASCII characters.