Reproductive cloning is a method of creating an organism that is genetically identical to another existing organism. It involves producing a new living being with the same genetic makeup as an already existing one, by using cells or tissues from the original organism.
Full definition
The panel concluded that the scientific and medical considerations that justify a ban on
human reproductive cloning at this time do not apply to nuclear transplantation to produce stem cells.
Hwang's successes add urgency to many ethical considerations, and the specter
of reproductive cloning attempts by fringe scientists lingers (Hwang emphatically denounces such research).
It is the first detailed study of the physiology of a cloned animal from birth and the scientists say the results «should be taken into account in debates
on reproductive cloning in human beings.»
It is indicative of the UK's tight regulatory process that this kind of research can proceed without the fear that it can be used
for reproductive cloning.»
«If there is a link, it will provide further evidence of the dangers inherent
in reproductive cloning and the irresponsibility of anybody who is trying to extend such work to humans.»
I am strictly
against reproductive cloning, at the same time arguing in favour of a certain research field with the primary argument that it will improve the scientific and economic infrastructure in Germany.
Sad though it is to admit, it probably won't be long before we have to
use reproductive cloning to save some of the world's most endangered species from extinction.
The scientific evidence documenting the serious health risks associated
with reproductive cloning, as shown through animal studies, make it unconscionable to undertake this procedure.
ACT's announcement stoked fears that scientists were trying to clone humans for reproductive purposes — and
conflated reproductive cloning and human - embryonic - stem - cell research in many people's minds.
A French - German effort to craft an international ban on human
reproductive cloning stalled yesterday in the United Nations as the United States, joined by 36 other countries, refused to support a proposal it said was too narrow.
French and German diplomats argued that widespread support for such a broad ban would be unlikely and pushed for an immediate ban on
reproductive cloning while leaving open the possibility of eventually negotiating a broader ban.
There is another reason why ethical concerns over cloning should not get in the way of banking cells from endangered species: the no end of biological and technical challenges to overcome
before reproductive cloning can ever become commonplace.
Although Kato called human
reproductive cloning directly from iPS cell lines «very hypothetical,» he pointed out progress for that possibility when he noted that three teams had produced mouse clones from iPS cells.
Because cloning is still an inexact technology, Schöler questions both the value and the morality of using it to create humans: «You can
do reproductive cloning only if you are willing to do cloning by statistics: cloning 100 organisms to get one that is OK — or might be OK — and you forget the other 99.»
The bill allows researchers to use cloning techniques to create stem sell lines, but backers contend the bill would not
allow reproductive cloning.
The United States, together with several other countries, initiated the proposal, which would have included a ban on research cloning as well
as reproductive cloning.
«The BMA is opposed to the deliberate creation of genetically identical individuals and welcomed the passage of the Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001, which made human
reproductive cloning illegal.
A major point in Kass's arguments against research cloning is that it is a classic slippery slope, allowing the development of the biological tools necessary
for reproductive cloning, which is sure to happen when those tools are in place.
In reproductive cloning, the entity is implanted into a uterus, where it has the potential to develop into a full organism; a clone of the donor of the adult cell.
The AAAS Board of Directors on 14 February 2002 endorsed a legally enforceable ban
on reproductive cloning, citing «serious health risks.»
Countries in brown have permissive or flexible policies on human embryonic stem cell research and have banned
human reproductive cloning.
We know for example that from one day to the next we move from «therapeutic cloning» to «
reproductive cloning».
On the scientific front, the principal objection to
reproductive cloning is the enormous inefficiency of the process, which may require hundreds of attempts to create a viable animal.
However,
reproductive cloning is one of just three distinctive types of processes and technology covered by the term «cloning».
For
reproductive cloning - which creates animals with an identical genetic make - up to an already existing animal - the embryo must then be transferred to a host body, in which to grow.
It can also be used as the first step in the process of
reproductive cloning.
«It gave critics plenty of ammunition to insist that if stem - cell research was funded, human
reproductive cloning would be funded too,» says Caplan.
BAC, however, calls for an outright ban on human
reproductive cloning and affirms that scientists caught doing so would face the full force of the law, although final details of penalties for offenders have not been spelled out.
They are just in the sense that they allow research with potential therapeutic benefit to proceed, and sustainable in that the proposed ban on
reproductive cloning will ensure that such research has little biological or genetic impact on future generations.
Scientists are in almost unanimous agreement that human
reproductive cloning is not only morally questionable but also dangerous for both surrogate mother and potential child.
But banking skin from endangered species is about far more than
reproductive cloning.
The most obvious application is
reproductive cloning.
Less expensive and more efficient than the process that produced Dolly the sheep, the iPS approach also would skirt the language of many current prohibitions against human
reproductive cloning.
Human
reproductive cloning is widely prohibited, but therapeutic cloning — creating stem cells that are a genetic match to the patient — is more generally accepted because the cells are used to treat disease.
The thread to follow here is that the invention of nuclear transfer technology — the means to move genes between cells and also backward in time — started the countdown to human
reproductive cloning.
ACT announced last November that they had cloned early - stage human embryos in a step toward therapeutic cloning (which seeks to treat diseases by using genetic material from a patient's own cells) but the company believes that
reproductive cloning is too risky and unwarranted at this time.
And last night, in a hastily scheduled House vote, 31 Democrats joined with most Republicans to defeat a legal ban on
reproductive cloning, 213 to 204.
Although a number of states have banned
reproductive cloning, the measure would put into place the first federal restriction.
«It's unfortunate so many members of the House of Representatives don't want to ban
reproductive cloning,» says ASCB's Wilson.
Says restrictions on human
reproductive cloning and genetic modification of embryos should be relaxed
The most common type of
reproductive cloning is called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Though human
reproductive cloning is still in its infancy, it is believed to have several benefits...
Phrases with «reproductive cloning»