Not exact matches
Besides the
dog's general state
of health, the most common symptoms
of this disease are manifested on a neuromuscular, dermatological, cardiovascular,
reproductive and ocular level.
The needs for calories may vary from one
dog to another based on individual nutritional needs which vary with age,
reproductive status, activity levels, body weight and the overall state
of health.
Not only do all large CBEs fit the dictionary
of puppy mill, but a study published in the Journal
of Applied Animal Behaviour Science found that «Common to virtually all CBEs are the following: large numbers
of dogs; maximally efficient use
of space by housing
dogs in or near the minimum space permitted by law; housing breeding
dogs for their entire
reproductive lives — in most cases, years — in their cages or runs;
dogs rarely if ever permitted out
of their primary enclosures for exercise or play; absence
of toys or other forms
of enrichment; minimal to no positive human interaction or companionship; and minimal to no
health care.»
And as a study in the Journal
of Applied Animal Behaviour Science found, «Common to virtually all CBEs are the following: large numbers
of dogs; maximally efficient use
of space by housing
dogs in or near the minimum space permitted by law; housing breeding
dogs for their entire
reproductive lives — in most cases, years — in their cages or runs;
dogs rarely if ever permitted out
of their primary enclosures for exercise or play; absence
of toys or other forms
of enrichment; minimal to no positive human interaction or companionship; and minimal to no
health care.»
Over a period
of several years this included incredible improvements in
reproductive health, and also in orthopedic problems in young
dogs of the giant breeds.
Almost 25 %
of the breeders who responded to the 1999 Australian Shepherd Club
of America breed
health survey reported having
dogs with
reproductive failures (low sperm count, lack
of libido, failure to conceive, small litters or poor mothering ability).
In addition to the reduction in
reproductive cancers, there are a number
of other beneficial
health effects seen in
dogs that are spayed and neutered.
Basic knowledge
of, and ability to learn and communicate general
health,
reproductive and spay / neuter information
of companion animals (
dogs, cats and rabbits).
In the current study, the effects
of a range
of concentrations
of CaCl2 on
reproductive physiology and canine
health were measured in male
dogs over a 12 - month period.
Once semen is collected, we choose the most appropriate route
of artificial insemination based on the
reproductive health of the female and the male
dog.