They're called virtual particles, and the energy associated with the background hum of their constant appearance and disappearance became the way in which we understand the source of
repulsive vacuum energy.
Not exact matches
Instead the theory predicted a virtually countless number of
vacuum states, with nearly any amount of
repulsive energy you could imagine.
It turns out that most of the stuff in the universe is in the form of some
energy in the
vacuum that has an odd
repulsive property.
Strangely enough, the simplest example of
energy with
repulsive gravity involves Einstein's nemesis, quantum mechanics, which holds that even a perfect
vacuum is not empty.
And there are good arguments that you might only find them when the
vacuum energy is incredibly small, because a larger
vacuum energy blows the universe apart, [it] produces a
repulsive force before galaxies could form, and if you believe that observers only form in their galaxies, no observers in those universes.