The advantage, they say, is that these biofuels do not need the separate transport system
required by ethanol, and can be produced from almost any biomass.
Not exact matches
The Energy Policy Act of 2005
requires the use of 7.5 billion gallons of
ethanol by 2012, and the industry is ahead of the target.
From the start, the
ethanol industry has been dogged
by concerns about its net energy balance — whether
ethanol requires more fossil fuel to make than it replaces.
By contrast, traditional
ethanol requires new equipment and uses edible plants like corn and sugar that need rich farmland to grow.
Congress in 2007
required that refiners blend 36 billion gallons of
ethanol into fuel supply
by 2022.
The Obama administration seems to agree, granting $ 786 million in 2009 for biofuels research and setting up the Biofuels Interagency Working Group to study how best to meet the renewable fuel standard mandated
by Congress that will
require increasing the amount of renewable fuels, such as
ethanol, to 36 billion gallons
by 2022.
At a biofuels energy symposium hosted
by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies last week in Washington, D.C., professor Jerald Schnoor said corn
ethanol production facilities
require large quantities of high - purity water during the fermentation process.
By applying this new technology to enzymes required for the production of ethanol — an important biofuel — the researchers were able to increase alcohol production by over 200
By applying this new technology to enzymes
required for the production of
ethanol — an important biofuel — the researchers were able to increase alcohol production
by over 200
by over 200 %.
The recent publication
by Leoci et.al (2014) has shown that 20 % Calcium Chloride in
Ethanol is the optimal solution to produce the
required result.
And while I'm not personally a fan of
ethanol, the plant described at the following link seems to address many of the concerns about
ethanol and big - scale farming
by treating wastes from one process as feedstock into another and reducing the amount of energy
required at each stage.
The RFS, which
requires increasingly large amounts of biofuels — mostly corn - based
ethanol — to be blended into gasoline each year, will come to the forefront again when EPA finalizes 2014 biofuels levels
by June...
The greens, hawks, and farmers helped convince the Senate to add an
ethanol provision to the energy bill — now awaiting action
by a House - Senate conference committee — that would
require refiners to more than double their use of
ethanol to 8 billion gallons per year
by 2012.
By comparison, «renewable» and «sustainable» corn - based
ethanol requires 2,510 to 29,100 gallons per million Btu of usable energy — and biodiesel from soybeans consumes an astounding and unsustainable 14,000 to 75,000 gallons of water per million Btu!
Last week the EPA dismissed a petition
by the American Petroleum Institute seeking relief from the cellulosic
ethanol mandate, which
requires that oil refiners blend 8.65 million gallons of
ethanol into the fuel supply
by the end of 2012:
In the case of sugarcane
ethanol, a lot of energy inputs are
required, especially for purifying the
ethanol, but those inputs are being satisfied
by burning the sugarcane
ethanol residues to produce process heat.
Almost as bad are regulations
requiring the use of corn
ethanol, which clearly only benefit corn producers and processors at the expense of gasoline users and illustrates how government interference in private markets can be used
by special interests to reallocate income to themselves.
The United States alone would
require six times its arable land — and 75 percent of the world's cultivated land — to supply its needs with
ethanol made from corn, according to calculations
by Vaclav Smil, an energy expert at the University of Manitoba.
Congress's
ethanol mandate, which
requires oil companies to use 36 billion gallons of
ethanol by 2020, can not be achieved, experts say, without major technological advances that are still years away.
If CAFE drops gasoline demand from 140 billion gallons per year to 100 billion gallons, and the RFS
requires 36 billion gallons of
ethanol by 2022, the current blend of E10 (gasoline with 10 percent
ethanol) will need to be increased to E40 nationwide.
This would
require around 100 billion gallons / year of
ethanol, replacing 83 billion gallons of octane equivalent and resulting in a net cumulative reduction of around 13 Gt octane equivalent, which generate 40 GtCO2,
by 2100.
Replacing MTBE
by ethanol requires only a percent of
ethanol in gasoline.
Fuel distributing companies - I'm talking about brand name gasoline and diesel - when approached
by a potential supplier of
ethanol can simply
require provision of evidence of proper environmental permitting and of environmental management systems in place.
When EPA green - lighted E15 use, it knew E15 vehicle testing was ongoing but decided not to wait for the results — most likely to raise the permissible concentration level of
ethanol in fuels so that greater volumes could be used, as
required by the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS).