In the Courts opinion, section 7 of the Charter through the «principles of fundamental justice»
required mens rea or criminal intention for crimes.
Thus, if the defendant was ignorant of the facts, and if the prosecutor can not prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime with
the required mens rea, the defendant will be found not guilty.
If the defendant uses the defense of intoxication and it is believed that the defendant lacks
the required mens rea, is the doctrine of transferred malice is still relevant?
Because the doctrine of transferred malice only applies when the defendant has
the required mens rea?
In general, a guilty action also
requires a mens rea, or guilty mind, in order to be guilty of a crime.
Satisfying the elements of a case that
require mens rea is, on average, more expensive to pursue than satisfying the elements of a case that need only show negligence or strict liability.
The criminal conviction
requires mens rea, proof of malice or intent on the part of the actor, so something that is found to be accidental would not be criminally actionable.
Not exact matches
In Brazil on the other hand, they have been put into use to justify the prosecution and condemnation of those not acting with the
required actus reus and
mens rea, but that due to their position in companies or governments, should be understood as equally responsible.
Most crimes can not be proven merely by committing the act — known as actus reus — but also
require proof of criminal intent, known as
mens rea.
However, he was of the view that the «making available» offence
required some «positive facilitation» of access to the pornography, which Mr. Spencer had not done, and further he believed Mr. Spencer's evidence that he did not know that others could access his folder so that the fault element (
mens rea) of the offence had not been proved.
The definition of a crime
requires an actus
rea and a
mens rea.
And perhaps most importantly, what fulfills the actus reus and
mens rea required for a conviction?
It therefore can not have a «guilty mind»
required for the
mens rea requirement.
Comment: One comment argued that the regulation's reliance upon a «reasonableness» standard criminalizes «unreasonable efforts» without
requiring criminal intent or
mens rea.
The existence of reasonable ground (a lesser standard that proof beyond a reasonable doubt)
requires there be some evidence of both a guilty act (actus
rea) and a guilty mind (
mens rea).
Lower court cases have not reached a consensus on this issue, and in particular on what
mens rea is
required.
The leading Court of Appeal authority (Express & Echo v Tanton [1999] IRLR 367, [1999] All ER (D) 256) envisages a tribunal disapplying a substitution clause if it is a «sham», but this is in itself a difficult test for a claimant because a strict view of it
requires proof of a deliberate attempt to evade legal responsibilities, almost an element of
mens rea (see Real Time Engineering Ltd v Callaghan [2006] UKEAT / 516/05).