We require a search warrant based on probable cause to release most user account content.
In 2011, James Baker, the associate deputy attorney general, warned that
requiring search warrants to obtain stored e-mail could have an «adverse impact» on criminal investigations.
Other internet service providers
require a search warrant in all circumstances to disclose this information.
S.C., Mar. 4, 2011)(34252) Mar. 27, 2013 Police
require a search warrant to access text messages.
Additional information, such as computer logs or content, would
require a search warrant under the 1986 Electronic Communications Privacy Act.
Not exact matches
As for law enforcement, sure, the law
requires police officers to get a
warrant before
searching a phone.
Now Sen. Wyden says that as early as next week he plans to propose a bill that would
require CBP to at least obtain a
warrant to
search electronics of U.S. citizens, and explicitly prevent officers from demanding passwords.
According to Department of Justice policy, an application for a
search warrant of a lawyer's office such as this is so serious that it usually
requires approval of either the U.S. attorney for the district, or the assistant attorney general.
From time to time, we may use your Personal Information and Traffic Data: (a) if we need to respond to valid legal process, including, but not limited to, a
search warrant, subpoena, or court order, and any other instance when we believe we are
required to do so by law; or (b) if we deem it necessary to disclose Personal Information or Traffic Data, in our sole discretion, to comply with any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request, or to protect our rights or interests.
Under the proposed legislation, the NYPD would have been
required to tell people that they can refuse a
search where there is no probable cause or a
warrant.
NEW YORK CITY — One of the sponsors of legislation that would
require police to obtain consent to conduct
searches without a
warrant or probable cause said he plans to push forward with the bills after Council Speaker Melissa Mark - Viverito negotiated what critics call a «back - door deal» to allow the NYPD to instead implement some of the changes themselves.
He subsequently ordered
search warrants would always be
required for police to access MPs» offices.
Another bill, Intro 541, is more controversial, and would
require police officers to obtain proof of consent before
searching a suspect when there is no
warrant or probable cause.
Among them is Councilman Ritchie Torres, who had pushed for the passage of legislation that would
require officers to identify themselves and inform people of their right to deny a
search without a
warrant.
CITY HALL — The NYPD would be
required to tell people that they can refuse a
search where there is no probable cause or a
warrant, according to legislation introduced in the City Council Thursday.
The bills would
require cops to inform New Yorkers that they have the right to refuse to be
searched if there's no
warrant or probable cause, and to identify themselves with business cards.
Government documents obtained by the American Civil Liberties Union and provided to CNET show a split over electronic privacy rights within the Obama administration, with Justice Department prosecutors and investigators privately insisting they're not legally
required to obtain
search warrants for e-mail.
They say the same Fourth Amendment privacy standards that
require police to obtain
search warrants before examining hard drives in someone's living room, or a physical letter stored in a filing cabinet, should apply.
According to The Oregonian newspaper, in deciding that the owner's constitutional rights had not been violated by the dog's blood draw, «The high court noted that dogs are not «mere» property and don't
require a
warrant to
search internally.
The ordinance has record keeping requirements particularly for breeders and pet stores and reserves the right of the mayor to
require inspections at any time though, if there is no
search warrant, permit holders can refuse access and schedule the inspection at a convenient time or offer to submit evidence of compliance in some other way such as at a hearing.
The whole point behind a
warrant is to preserve civil property rights by
requiring the police to present evidence to a judge and to get the judge's approval before
searching one's property.
At this stage in the state vs. individual (regulator vs. regulated) interaction, the regulator must relinquish the statutory authority it was previously relying on to mandate cooperation and acknowledge that an adversarial relationship has now crystalized which may
require that the individual receive a Charter caution, or that the regulator obtain a
search warrant to obtain further information.
In its decision in Fearon, the Supreme Court stated that a
search warrant is not necessarily
required to
search a smartphone incident to arrest.
The majority judgment in the 4 - 3 ruling, written by Justice Thomas Cromwell, found that a
warrant is not
required as long as the
search is truly incidental to arrest and police keep detailed notes.
Speaking of media neutrality... a US judge has ruled that a
search warrant served on Microsoft in the US
required the company to divulge records stored on servers outside the US.
The federal government has contended that
searches of electronic devices
require no
warrant or individualized suspicion under an exception that allows
searches of suitcases at the border.
Though a close call, the Court concludes that this was a
search, however minimal, which
required further authority, a
warrant or consent.
As to exigent circumstances, fortunately federal Magistrate Judge Thomas M. DiGirolamo — before whom I sometimes appear — recently confirmed that exigent circumstances
require a real exigency to withdraw blood without consent or a valid
search warrant.
In cases in which the Fourth Amendment
requires that a
warrant to
search be obtained, «probable cause» is the standard by which a particular decision to
search is tested against the constitutional mandate of reasonableness.
For example, at least in Pennsylvania no
warrant is
required to
search a vehicle on public roads.
[13] The threshold question on this appeal is whether the justice of the peace who issued the
search warrant acted on reasonable and probable grounds, as
required under both the Criminal Code and the Charter.
Please note that if the requesting party is a governmental agency, a
search warrant is
required for private inbox and / or outbox communication 180 days old or less.
In other sorts of investigations, a
search warrant is
required.
A corporation is but an association of individuals with a distinct name and legal entity, and, in organizing itself as a collective body, it waives no appropriate constitutional immunities, and, although it can not refuse to produce its books and papers, it is entitled to immunity under the Fourth Amendment against unreasonable
searches and seizures, and, where an examination of its books is not authorized by an act of Congress, a subpoena duces tecum
requiring the production of practically all of its books and papers is as indefensible as a
search warrant would be if couched in similar terms.
Google disagreed with that interpretation and believes that a
search warrant, and not a court order, is
required, according to the document.
In United States v. Vergara, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit ruled that the
search of electronic devices at the U.S. border, including forensic
searches,
required «neither a
warrant nor probable cause» to believe a crime had been committed.
Judge Jill Pryor wrote that, in her view, the law
requires that a forensic
search of a cell phone at the border
requires a
warrant supported by probable cause.
On appeal, the majority of the three - judge panel ruled that
searches at the border, including of electronics, «never»
require a
warrant or probable cause to believe a crime was committed.
The
search warrants set out, as s 8 (3)
required, the four possible grounds for issuing the
warrant.
«The ABA will continue to urge DHS, CPB, and other agencies to further improve their policies by
requiring border officers to obtain a subpoena based on reasonable suspicion or a
warrant supported by probable cause before
searching the contents of lawyer electronic devices.»
The traditional legal framework holds that once police obtain a
warrant to
search a place for certain things, they can look for those things anywhere in the place where they might reasonably be; the police do not
require specific, prior authorization to
search in receptacles such as cupboards and filing cabinets.
They have been used to assist in preserving evidence (Anton Piller order, a.k.a. civil
search warrant) and to prevent disposition of assets which may later be
required to satisfy a judgment (Mareva injunction, a.k.a. freezing order).
The
warrant requirement, in particular, is unsuited to the school environment:
requiring a teacher to obtain a
warrant before
searching a child suspected of an infraction of school rules (or of the criminal law) would unduly interfere with the maintenance of the swift and informal disciplinary procedures needed in the schools.
Instead, the
searching officer is only
required to familiarize themselves with the face of the
warrant in order to understand the parameters of the
search.
American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey August 2015; Co-authored amicus curie brief to the Supreme Court of New Jersey on behalf of the American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey addressing whether a
search warrant based upon probable cause is
required to obtain telephone billing records — State v. Lunsford, Docket No.
Accordingly, we think it employed the term «
warrant» in the Act to
require pre-disclosure scrutiny of the requested
search and seizure by a neutral third party, and thereby to afford heightened privacy protection in the United States.
In a controversial judgement, the Supreme Court of Canada recently decided that police officers are not
required to obtain a
warrant to
search a suspect's cellphone.
They are an exception to the general rule that all
searches require a
warrant.
Although Cranston J accepted that the public interest might
require persons to be given access to a court of the purpose of challenging the issue and execution of a
search warrant and the retention of material (either in the Administrative Court or the Crown Court under section 59) given the relative weakness of the individual rights at stake and the relatively trivial interference with those rights, it was legitimate for the courts to permit the withholding of PII material in the wider public interest [33, 41].
The issue before the Supreme Court of Canada in this case was whether a
warrant to
search a location automatically extends to computers found in that location, or whether specific judicial authorization is
required in order for computers to be
searched.