Sentences with phrase «requires small molecules»

But the mechanisms involved in most diseases are inside cells, and reaching those requires small molecules, at least for now.

Not exact matches

The scientists found a small molecule that blocks a vulnerable site on many Type A influenza viruses that is required for infection.

Supporting a rail system powered by hydrogen fuel cells, for example, would require an entirely new infrastructure because hydrogen, being a small molecule, would leak through existing pipelines.

While small amounts of materials like zinc or silicon are required to produce thin film devices, Cadien says the costs are not insignificant — they can come in at $ 500 or $ 600 per gram and the current processes are wasteful, dosing surfaces with anywhere from 100 to 10,000 times the molecules required.

The GPCRs solved to date all required adding small druglike molecules in order to stabilize them, says Raymond Stevens, a structural biologist at the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles, who will lead the new consortium.

Makley et al. explored whether small molecules that reverse this aggregation might have therapeutic potential for treating cataracts, which normally require surgery (see the Perspective by Quinlan).

With so much DNA squished into such a small space, it stands to reason that expressing a gene in the «middle» of the bundle might require loosening the packing material to expose that segment of DNA to the machinery that copies it into an RNA molecule.

Liquid chromatography on - line tandem mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS) is the method of choice for small molecule quantitation because it provides accurate, reliable and consistent data and requires fewer specimens.

The team discovered that adding small molecules made from amino acids in the outer coordination sphere increased the speed without requiring additional energy to drive the catalyst.

While his previous method relied almost entirely on small molecules, it still included a minute amount of genetic manipulation; that is, he often required the use of a single gene to enhance his chemical cocktails.

Our HT - Biology Core provides a complete pipeline of research services for researchers who require accurate and high volume experimental data for target and small molecule discovery.

Bacteria use small molecule chemicals to mediate these interactions and the genetic information required for their production is typically encoded in one physical location of the bacterial chromosome, in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs).

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

On the one hand, small amounts of them are required for the synthesis of various biologically important hormones and hormone - like molecules; on the other hand, they are highly unsaturated and their multiple double - bonds are highly vulnerable to oxidation.

Because the MCFA molecules are smaller, they require less energy and fewer enzymes to break them down for digestion.

As the thyroid gland requires small amounts iodine to function (T4 uses 4 iodines and T3 uses 3 iodines per molecule), sea vegetables can be beneficial.

Requires Booklet: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/aqa-ks4-chapter-2-bonding-booklet-1-11769328 Buy in Lesson Bundle: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/aqa-bonding-and-structure-lesson-set-11769362 Buy in Chapter Bundle: Coming Soon Learning Objectives Recognise substances made of small molecules from their formula Draw dot and cross diagrams for small molecules Deduce molecular formula from models and diagrams

The protein molecules in the Z / D food have been broken up into pieces smaller than the minimum size usually required to cause an immune reaction.