At issue is whether to suspend a five - year - old federal mandate
requiring more ethanol in gasoline each year, a policy that has diverted almost half of the domestic corn supply from animal feedlots to ethanol refineries, driven up corn prices and plantings and created a desperate competition for corn as drought grips the nation's farm belt.
Not exact matches
From the start, the
ethanol industry has been dogged by concerns about its net energy balance — whether
ethanol requires more fossil fuel to make than it replaces.
The researchers, who found that
ethanol requires 29 percent
more fossil energy than it provides, question the morality of using grain to fuel cars in the face of world hunger.
«Cost competitive, energy responsible cellulosic
ethanol made from switchgrass or from forestry waste like sawdust and wood chips
requires a
more complex refining process but it's worth the investment,» Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman said at the Range Fuels facility groundbreaking in November.
Regular drinkers of
ethanol — the type of alcohol found in frosty malted beverages — eventually
require more and
more drinks to feel tipsy.
The greens, hawks, and farmers helped convince the Senate to add an
ethanol provision to the energy bill — now awaiting action by a House - Senate conference committee — that would
require refiners to
more than double their use of
ethanol to 8 billion gallons per year by 2012.
David Pimentel, a professor of ecology at Cornell University who has been studying grain alcohol for 20 years, and Tad Patzek, an engineering professor at the University of California, Berkeley, co-wrote a recent report that estimates that making
ethanol from corn
requires 29 percent
more fossil energy than the
ethanol fuel itself actually contains.
• The RFS is a de facto tax on motorists because it
requires them to consume
ethanol, which, on an energy - equivalent basis, is significantly
more expensive than gasoline.
• Since 2007, the RFS, which
requires fuel retailers to blend corn
ethanol into the gasoline they sell, has saddled American motorists with
more than $ 10 billion per year in extra fuel costs above what they would have paid if they had purchased gasoline alone.
From 2007 to 2013, corn
ethanol interests spent $ 158 million lobbying for
more mandates and subsidies — and $ 6 million in campaign contributions — for a fuel that reduces mileage, damages engines,
requires enormous amounts of land, water and fertilizer, and from stalk to tailpipe emits
more carbon dioxide than gasoline.
To accomplish these conflicting goals, motorists are now given tax credits to drive heavily - subsidized electric cars, even as they will supposedly be
required to buy
more and
more ethanol - laced fuel each year.
But all of this is despite serious scientific concerns about biofuels, especially corn
ethanol - whose production
requires lots of land, and consumes lots of energy - some say
more than the fuel itself produces.
If the
ethanol mandate in the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)
required more, then you're running into the
ethanol «blend wall» — that is, to satisfy the RFS, refiners would have to blend fuel with higher
ethanol content than millions of vehicles are designed to use.
NASCAR racing team owner Richard Childress has an op - ed in the Charlotte Observer this week in which he renders a full - throttle endorsement of E15 gasoline and the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), the federal program that
requires more and
more ethanol be blended into the nation's fuel supply.
The corn crop in the US will help to supply the
required 18 billion gallons of
ethanol in 2016, which will add to the strain of devoting
more environmental resources to produce corn.
Bloomberg Businessweek explains
more clearly than EPA does why the agency had to back - peddle so furiously: «The Environmental Protection Agency proposed
requiring less cellulosic
ethanol to be blended into gasoline next year than sought under U.S. law because production of the alternative fuel hasn't reached commercial scale.»
Analysis of the total energy input to produce
ethanol from corn show that 29 %
more fossil fuel input energy is
require to produce one energy unit of
ethanol.
Switchgrass
ethanol, though, can yield 540 percent
more energy than is
required to produce it, the new study says.
In fact, over the entire life cycle of growing and harvesting crops, turning them into fuel, transporting and using them in vehicles,
ethanol and biodiesel emit as much CO2 as petroleum — and
require infinitely
more acreage.
•
Ethanol production using wood biomass required 57 % more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel pr
Ethanol production using wood biomass
required 57 %
more fossil energy than the
ethanol fuel pr
ethanol fuel produced.
• Biodiesel production using soybean
required 27 %
more fossil energy than the biodiesel fuel produced (Note, the energy yield from soy oil per hectare is far lower than the
ethanol yield from corn).
•
Ethanol production using switchgrass required 50 % more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel pr
Ethanol production using switchgrass
required 50 %
more fossil energy than the
ethanol fuel pr
ethanol fuel produced.
We don't, as a rule, trouble about the carbon footprint of foodstuffs but isn't is obvious that corn produced as food is going to be
more carbon - intensive than corn produced fro fuel, if only because
ethanol when transported doesn't
require the same packaging and refrigeration as corn?
As the justices acknowledge, the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) will soon
require refiners to sell
more ethanol than can be blended as E10.
Arguing that «there is no doubt it should be repealed,» the Washington Post editorial board explains: «Blending
more and
more ethanol into gasoline will
require spending money on infrastructure that is not yet in place and selling
more fuel that older and
more specialized engines can not take.»
converting all gasoline using vehicles to 100 % corn - based
ethanol would
require almost 7x the current acreage in corn, and 30 %
more than the current total cropland of the US.»
Brian Dodge, just for comparison and context, converting all gasoline using vehicles to 100 % corn - based
ethanol would
require almost 7x the current acreage in corn, and 30 %
more than the current total cropland of the US.
Because the wind turbines would
require a modest amount of spacing between them to allow room for the blades to spin, wind farms would occupy about 0.5 percent of all U.S. land, but this amount is
more than 30 times less than that
required for growing corn or grasses for
ethanol.
To meet some of the higher
ethanol production goals would
require more corn than the United States currently produces, if all of the envisioned
ethanol was made from corn.
In fact, he found cellulosic
ethanol was worse than corn
ethanol because it results in
more air pollution,
requires more land to produce and causes
more damage to wildlife.
Corn
ethanol emits about 20 percent fewer greenhouse gases than gasoline, but it
requires more water, and it has raised the price of grain and food.
What we would like to see from Toyota and other car makers:
More affordable very fuel - efficient and low - emission hybrids, plug - in hybrids, all cars flex fuel so that they can run on cellulosic
ethanol when it is available (the fuel sensors
required for that are apparently only about $ 30 - no reason not to include them in all cars), diesel - hybrids with the latest emission technology (to run on biodiesel where available, of course) and, as soon as battery technology is ready, affordable electric - only vehicles.